The right of self-defense under Islamic law (Shariah) distinguishes between two concepts: private and public defense. In this article, legal and practical manifestations of the contemporary legal issue of private defense in the case of physical assaults made by non-accountable (mukallaf) offenders, such as minors and insane persons are focused. Asi

“Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea” which means an act does not constitute crime unless done with a guilty mind. A reasonable man is viewed as a moral agent and not simply as an instrument of causing harm. He is regarded as responsible for his actions. Being a responsible agent means that man is capable of reason (right-thinking person); h

Drug-drug combinations in a single dosage form have become a routine approach to get synergistic effect and improved compliance. However, such combinations usually do not reduce overall side-effects or adverse effects. Here, we attempted fusion between contemporary and natural products aiming to see synergistic effects and reduction in the toxicity

Surfactants have been widely used to facilitate biodegradation of petroleum pollutant; particularly those are being produced by microorganisms which are also known as biosurfactant. Six bacterial isolates from petroleum contaminated sites were found to be potential hydrocarbon degrader candidates based on their ability to grow on minimal media supp

This book evaluates the Najib administration’s US policy with regards to the economy and security for the period between 2009 and 2016. It firstly identifies the external, domestic and idiosyncratic factors that affect Malaysia-US relations during the Najib administration from 2009 to 2016. Then, it identifies the objectives and related strategie

Media plays a very important role in the society. The society receive news and information through them and this explains why media related people such as the journalists, reporters, publishers and Internet Service Providers (ISP) must ensure they deliver correct news and information either through online or offline media. Nevertheless, sometimes p

Objective: To determine ex vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic Streptomyces SUK 08 as well as the main core structure fractionated from its crude extract. Methods: The activities of SUK 08 crude extract were evaluated by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay and synchronization test against rodent malaria parasite P

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of technical quality (medical care and nursing care) on perceived service quality, patient satisfaction and behavioural compliance at a public hospital. This study is also to confirm the mediating effects of patient satisfaction between perceived service quality and behavioural compliance.A struct

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen. It causes a wide range of infections in the hospital setting as well as in the community environment. A broad variety of infections, ranging from minor pyodermas to life-threatening infections can be caused by S. aureus. The adaptive power of S. aureus to antibiotics lead to the emergence of methicil

The government of Malaysia nowadays is heavily investing on both rail and road-based public transportation projects in and around Klang Valley (KV). The investment is expected to induce a change in the travel mode of the users from private transport to public transport. Research showed that multiple external factors affect transit usage. The common