This paper presents an optimization work on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. It focused on optimization of the parameters of powertrain components including supercapacitors to obtain maximum fuel economy. Vehicle modelling is based on Quasi-Static-Simulation (QSS) backward-facing approach. A combined cit

This study examined TESL pre-service teachers’ motivation level to integrate critical thinking in their teaching and the influence of ‘year of study’ towards their motivation. A total of 106 TESL students from a Malaysian public university participated in a questionnaire survey that measures motivation on a 5-point Likert scale. The data were

The relationship between greenspace and health is important to be explored because it relates to health issues, which are prevalent among city citizens. Urban greenspace can improve residents' lifestyle for healthier living. The paper presents a review of evidence that links greenspace and health through various conceptual models. The literatur

In this paper, passively Q-switched fiber laser is demonstrated and the laser output energy is stabilized by using 2.4 m Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with a graphene oxide used as saturable absorber (GO-SA). According to the experimental results in the Q-switched configuration, the laser cavity emits a wavelength centered at 1,558.75nm, and by i

Japanese occupation of Malaya is considered to be a departure point in Malaysian history which marked a shift of colonial rule from British to Japanese. In the context of Malaya, following the successful Japanese subjugation of the land in February 1942, the High Command in Tokyo had issued a number of directives to be implemented in the occupied a

Japanese occupation of Malaya is considered to be a departure point in Malaysia’s history which marked a shift of a new colonial master from British to Japanese. In the context of Malaya, following the successful Japanese subjugation of the land in February 1942, the High Command in Tokyo had issued a number of directives to be implemented in the

Incomplete contract (IC) is a contract that fails to state all the parties’ rights and obligations, has gaps and ambiguities in its terms and conditions. Past studies had reported that most contracts are incomplete to some degree, and this includes Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contracts. PFI involves the private sector to finance, design, con

This paper examines the relations between the Malay establishments (Malay Sultans and Chiefs) and the British colonial government in Malaya from 19th to early 20th centuries. It reassesses the relations between both parties with regard to the socio-economic and political conditions in Malaya during the period under review. It is well known fact tha

Due to a shortage of donor hearts, rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used to provide mechanical circulatory support. To address the preload insensitivity of the constant speed controller (CSC) used in conventional LVADs, we developed a preload-based Starling-like controller (SLC). The SLC emulates the Starling law of the heart to m

Lower extremity amputees suffer from mobility limitations which will result in a degradation of their quality of life. Wearable sensors are frequently used to assess spatio-temporal, kinematic and kinetic parameters providing the means to establish an interactive control of the amputee-prosthesis-environment system. Gait events and the gait phase d