A novel theoretical analysis model of dual stage quadruple pass (DSQP) Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) is presented in this paper. This analysis is carried out by the broad input signal power starting from -50 to 0 dBm input signal with 10 to 220 mW pumping powers. The EDFA has been proposed and demonstrated by using an optical circulator and t

This work aims at optimizing the media constituents for citric acid production from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as renewable resource using artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The bioconversion process was done through solid state bioconversion using Aspergillus niger. ANN model was built using MATLAB software. A 20 dataset of an earli

This chapter investigates AI-Zahrawi's contribution to surgery especially neurosurgery. The main objective of this chapter is to study AI-Zahrawis' views on neurosurgery operation. Neurosurgery is concerned on causes of brain diseases, spine, peripheral nerves, and arteries of the neck. Abu AI-Qasim AI-Zahrawi was born in 936 C.E. in city Z

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله الأمين. وبعد: يُعد الوقف مصدراً اقتصادياًّ هاماًّ، أدى في الماضي دوراً كبيراً في ازدهار الحضارة الإسلامية ولا سيما في المجال التربوي والتع

Tenecteplase is a recognized thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. It is also increasingly used in massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. Thus far, there had been 22 patients with pulmonary embolism treated with tenecteplase. However, none of the patients was treated during peripartum period. We report its use in a 35-year-old multipa

This paper presents investigation on the alloying capability of Cu-TaC electrode during electrical discharge machining (EDM). The electrode produced through powder metallurgy technique was used in machining alpha-beta titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) under different machining conditions. EDM experiments were conducted with distilled water as dielectric f

Background: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a pyrimidine catabolic enzyme involved in the initial and rate-limiting step of the catabolic pathway of toxic metabolites of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Several studies have reported that deficiency of DPD and polymorphisms of its gene are related to 5-FU toxicities and death. Association between ser

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare adrenal tumour causing corticotrophin-independent Cushing's syndrome. It occurs mainly in children and young adults. The histological examination is characterised by small pigmented micronodules on the adrenal cortex. The diagnosis is most often seen in patients with Carney Comp

Atrial myxoma is uncommon, with an overall prevalence in the developed world of 0.02%.1 It is often undiagnosed until complications such as cardiac death or stroke occur. The incidence of primitive tumours of the heart at autopsy is between 0.0017% and 0.03%, and of these 50% are myxomas. 12 We describe a case of left atrial myxoma which was only d

Coronary artery spasm can result in acute coronary syndrome. This vasospastic syndrome can cause profound morbidity and mortality as a significant proportion of patients continue to have angina despite optimal medical therapy. We illustrate the dilemma in managing a young woman who presented with non ST-segment myocardial infarction as a result of