Cellulose is the main component in plant cell wall and thus the most abundant biopolymer on earth. Endoglucanase is one of the key constituent of a complex multi-enzyme system collectively known as cellulase which degrades cellulose into glucose. Cellulase has been used in various industries such as textile, detergent, food and feed, pulp and paper

Modernity and tradition though considered to be the opposite of each other. It need not be so. In the Muslim countries, modernity and tradition supplement each other. Tradition has accommodated many modern elements and modernity has absorbed some of the principles dear to Islam.INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE , 19, 1-13, 2011 Copyright © IIUM PressISSN 012

The reform movement of 1998 and the general elections in 1999 are argued by many to have brought about a shift in Malaysian political culture, which became evident in 2008 elections. Studies conducted before 1999, based on fragmentary evidence, pictured Malaysia as having a “subject” political culture. The post-2008 survey data presents a pictu

The major focus of past literature on Al-Maqasid was on developing the theory, and most of the discussion centered on its legal dimensions. The pioneering works emanated from scholars such as, Al-Juwayni (n.d), Al-Ghazali (1901), Al-Shatibi (n.d), Ibn ‘Ashur (1998) and Ibn Taymiyyah (al-Raysuni, 1992). Recently, the application of Al-Maqasid in v

Charpy impact tests were conducted on carbon reinforced epoxy composites fabricated by hand lay-up method using 0.47, 0.56 and 0.66 carbon fiber volume fractions; tests were conducted at temperatures between -60oC to 60oC. The impact strength was found, in general, to increase when the samples were fractured at temperatures above 0oC and the impact

In order to modify surface structure titanium powder was preplaced on steel surface and melted under TIG (tungsten inert gas) torch in a pure nitrogen environment which formed a resolidified layer of around 1 mm thickness. The preplaced titanium powder content was varied between 1.3 and 1.8 mg/mm2 and melting was conducted with energy inputs of 324

The possibility of forming a TiN dispersed composite layer on steel was studied by preplacement of titanium powder on steel surface and melting under TIG (Tungsten inert gas) torch in a reactive environment. The surface melting of preplaced 1.8 mg/mm2 Ti powder was performed under TIG torch with energy inputs of 324,378 and 432 J/mm in a pure nitro

The formation of hard surface layer on steel provides a protective coating against wear, thermal loads and corrosion. In the present work a hard composite layer is formed on steel surfaces by preplacement of titanium powder and melted under nitrogen environment. Surface melting was conducted using TIG torch with different energy inputs. The microst

Low temperature Thermochemical treatments in fluidized bed furnace involving nitriding, carburizing, and hybrid treating,sequential carburizing-nitriding, have been conducted in the present work with the aim to improve surface properties of AISI 316L. The resulting layer is expanded austenite which is responsible to the higher hardness and better w

Surface alloying with ceramic powder uses a high energy input to create composite coating that provides protection against wear and corrosion. In this work TiC incorporated composite coating was created by melting single tracks in 1.0 mg/mm2 TiC powder preplaced on alloy steel surfaces using a conventional TIG welding torch produced at 80 ampere cu