In recent years, adaptive background reconstruction works have found interest in many researchers. However, the existing algorithms that have been proposed by other researchers still in the early stage of development and many aspects need to be improved. In this paper, an adaptive background reconstruction is presented. Past pixel observation is us

The paper examines the impact of exchange rate volatility, real GDP of China, and real exchange rates on the bilateral exports of ASEAN member countries to China using the generalized method of moments. The results show that all the coefficients of these variables have the expected signs and are statistically significant. Specifically, if exchange

This paper presents an analytical framework for exploring and critically examining the supply side’s issues and challenges of offering Shari’ah-compliant mortgage financing by cooperative financial institutions in Malaysia. Concepts from five distinct theories (theory of credit cooperative, transaction costs theory, theory of credit rationing,

This paper is multidisciplinary in nature concerning with social, economic, and religious variables. The main objective is to determine the impact of zakat distribution and education levels on real income per capita using panel data of the fourteen states of Malaysia. The results of the estimated fixed effect model are quite satisfactory in terms o

The main aim of this teaching case is to gain knowledge on the accounting information system being used in a retail industry for capturing business transactions namely sales, purchases and inventory. It was also to record nature of operational activities, documents, journals, controls, type of system used and the flow of accounting data in the chos

The concept of spirituality has received much attention in healthcare. It is now accepted as part of patient-centered care. Related terminologies that include spiritual care and spiritual needs are also discussed alongside to spirituality. However, there is little to suggest about attention given to spirituality in Medical Imaging. This effectively

The problem of achieving real time process in depth camera application, in particular when used for indoor mobile robot localization and navigation is far from being solved. Thus, this paper presents autonomous navigation of the mobile robot by using Kinect sensor. By using Microsoft Kinect XBOX 360 as the main sensor, the robot is expected to navi

In this paper, the design and development of a portable classroom attendance system based on fingerprint biometric is presented. Among the salient aims of implementing a biometric feature into a portable attendance system is security and portability. The circuit of this device is strategically constructed to have an independent source of energy to

تحاولت هذه الدراسة أن تحلّل وتتقوّم نظريات مناسبة وتحديد مبادئ التصميم في تصميم وتطوير برنامج الوسائط المتعددة في تعليم مفردات اللغة العربية وتعلمها. كما تحدّث الباحث عن أدوات البحث، واختيار

Background subtraction is a well-known technique used in computer vision applications. However, in public surveillance system, the utilization of background subtraction still new and far from being solved. Insufficient analysis of the background subtraction algorithms made the situation getting worse. The analysis of the commonly-used algorithms is