Artificial intelligence techniques, such as neural networks and fuzzy logic have shown promising results for modelling of nonlinear systems whilst traditional approaches are rather insufficient due to difficulty in modelling of highly nonlinear components in the system. A laboratory set-up that resembles the behaviour of a helicopter, namely twin r

Control of vibration suppressions is crucial for applications in engineering particularly in the area of aircraft system. A hybrid control approach encompasses of using a feedforward intelligent command shaping technique with combination of intelligent PID feedback control is presented in this paper. The advantage of using command shaping is to red

تقديم بصدور العدد الحالي تكون مجلة التجديد قد أكملت مجلدها الخامس عشر. لقد حرصت إدراة المجلة وهيئة تحريرها منذ صدور العدد الأول في شهر رمضان عام 1417ﻫ (يناير 1997م) على الالتزام بموعد الصدور المحد�

In the title compound, C20H21BrN2O2, the bromophenyl ring is twisted by 40.13 (8)� from the benzimidazole mean plane and the Br atom deviates by 0.753 (1) A ˚ from that plane. The sec-butyl group is disordered over two conformations in a 0.898 (5):0.102 (5) ratio. In the crystal, molecules related by translation along [110] are linked into chain

Magnetic materials are generally categorized into two categories, soft or hard. Soft magnetic materials are characterized by large permeability and very small coercivities while the hard one are frequently used in permanent magnet applications and are characterized by large saturation magnetizations and large coercivities. Soft and hard magnetic ma

Inductance is a property exhibited by a circuit element, called inductor. This property is a result of a changing magnetic field associated with a coil of given number of turns wounded on air core or core of some materials. Accordingly inductance depends on the geometrical dimensions, and the turns and the core used. Invariably the most important c

The on-going development in the field of sensors applications has opened up several possibilities for significant improvements in the advancement of bio-implantable devices or medical equipment. Some researchers have designed and developed inductive sensors for various applications such as tongues drive system enabling a person with severe disabili

Knowing the basic terminology for describing magnetic effects and properties are essential since magnetic materials can be used in inductive sensors as in the form of core. The various types of magnetic behaviour and properties of hard and soft magnetic materials (used in inductive sensor) need to be identified in order to decide on the appropriate

Inductive sensor systems have been becoming topics of heated debate among researchers for applications of industrial automation and biomedical applications because of its oonliCllcss means of transferring energy and also due to lhe high demand of low power and low vohage integrated circuit devices. These devices arc enabling light wcight dcsigns fo

RC circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series. This chapter focuses on how the voltage develops (or shrinks) with a constant voltage source, V, is turned on (or off). Generally speaking, a capacitor accumulates charge for a current flow in, and obviously current flow out of a capacitor results into charge depletion