The design of a novel wideband Dual-function Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) with chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) configured in two-stage double pass amplification scheme is demonstrated in this paper. The proposed architecture is designed to increase amplification bandwidth. The purpose of utilizing the CFBG is to reflect the amplified sign

The recent judgment of the ICJ in the Pedra Branca case is of crucial importance to Singapore and Malaysia because having resolved the question of which State has sovereignty over Pedra Branca and Middle Rocks, the Court has paved the way for the resolution of the delimitation of the maritime boundaries between the two States. However, this matter,

Data confidentiality is a major problem for healthcare and medical emergency system since it accumulates significant information. Sharing and transmission of private via Internet leads to easily intercept it by unauthorized parties. Attackers need to access private information by capturing data transmission and forging themselves as authorized user

There are various versions of IEEE802.11 WLAN in the market, and each applies different modulation technique and operates in different frequency bands. For example, the IEEE 802.11 b version provides data rates up to 11 Mb/s on the wireless medium, applying complementary code keying (CCK) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) as modulation tec

This new edition has been completely revised and extensively rewritten to cover the rapid development in this branch of law brought about by a number of landmark rulings decided by the International Court of Justice and other international courts and tribunals. Amongst the rapidly developing areas are the law of State responsibility, international

Healthcare and medical emergency are essential systems in human life; so that many countries work toward having it. Investigation of Malaysian case shows that it suffer from locality, missing of unified electronic medical record EMR and lack of utilizing Internet, multimedia, wireless and real time technologies. Other drawbacks include: Difficulty

One of the clear facts in the world is the increasing number of cars and other automobiles in term of production as well as theft attempts. There is a big effort done by many international and local companies to produce car security systems, but the result is still less than expectations since the number of car theft cases are still increases. The

Human biometrics especially face become widely used for different aspects of life. The face is the first defining characteristic that we use to identify people. It is recalled when trying to remember what someone looks like. We depend on it, for recognition. We carry photo IDs that we show as proofs of identity. On the cards are pictures of our fac

Fingerprint biometric is one of the essential, widely used and accepted biometrics. It has been used as a form of identification for a long time and considers an acceptance and fear. Fingerprints consider by people as unique and can be used to identify someone. This trust comes from governmental and law enforcement use of fingerprints. At the same

Islamic Micofinance Program (IMP) through the utilization of zakat fund has been a significant source of capital for entrepreneurship activities among the poor Muslim's family in Malaysia. Eversince New Economic Plan (NEP) was introduced in 1971, the Malaysian government has realized the important of IMP in supporting the micro-enterprises acti