Chemical kinetics study was carried out for batch esterification process. Reactant concentration (FFA) as function of time was plotted according to first and second order equations in order to study the catalytic activities of both toluene-4-sulfonic monohydrate acid (PTSA) and sulfuric acid. Pretreatment of Sludge Palm Oil (SPO) by esterification

Three different types of photovoltaic solar cells were installed and connected in grid-tie inverters to run a blower or pump under the meteorological conditions of Singapore. Experiments were performed over a period of time, where all three types of cel1s, each type having a rated power of 360W, were exposed to same enviromental conditions. For a d

A solar assisted heat pump drying system has been designed, fabricated and tested. The performance of the system has been investigated under the meteorological conditions of Singapore. This paper presents an economic optimization of a solar assisted heat pump drying system. Economic viability of solar energy heating systems is usually made by compa

This paper includes the results of a study carried out to determine the drying characteristics of three agricultural fruit products. The products used in this analysis were apples, guavas and papayas. The drying characteristics of the three products were investigated under different operating conditions by varying now velocities and the thickness o

In this paper. a mathematical model has been developed to predict temperature and moisture distribution within a column dryer taking into account the influence of the change of air moisture on the grain moisture through the sorption isotherm. In the development of the energy equation, the influence of moisture contents on the properties of the mate

In this study, the performance of a three-in-one solar system is investigated. The three applications of the system are: air-conditioning, water heating and drying, which can be served simultaneously or independently. The presence of evaporator-collector enables the system to operate round the clock. Parallel arrangement of the evaporator and evapo

Energy and environment, both arc essential for our survival on the planet earth to ensure a deeem standard of living and good health. However, there is a price [or the comfort that we strive hard to achievc. It took forty years to realize that CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons) causes Ozone depletion. Similarly. greenhouse gases and acid rain are realities

It is an unavoidable fact that Higher Education and teachings must upgrade themselves from being local to international. Every era has its own sine qua: if any institution is not updating and renewing itself according to the requirements and needs of the era, it would lag behind of the time and would just repeat and consume the old knowledge rather

In the Islamic legal tradition, the judiciary has always played an important role in a state’s relationship with its citizens. The qadi (jurist) and the mahkamah (court) are well-known concepts. Their essential requirements, however, by means of which judicial development and practical considerations are essentially made, are less obviously ident

İnsanlığa ve özellikle Batı’ya medeniyet götüren Müslümanlar’ın Endülüs’te (İspanya) medeniyetsiz Batılılar tarafından nasıl hunharca katledildiklerini, işkenceler uygulanıp birer birer zorla dinlerinden döndürüldüklerini çoğumuz bilmeyiz. Tarih okumalarımızı tazelememiz gerekiyor. Batı dünyası kendi ortaçağ b