Federalism has been a central aspect of Malaysian history since the establishment of the Federated Malay States in 1895. Ever since the idea of federalism was mooted by the British, it has been a subject of intense discussion. The idea went through various stages of centralisation and decentralisation. Finally Malaya emerged as an independent state

Background and objective: Blood glucose variability is common in healthcare and it is not related or influ- enced by diabetes mellitus. To minimise the risk of high blood glucose in critically ill patients, Stochastic Targeted Blood Glucose Control Protocol is used in intensive care unit at hospitals worldwide. Thus, this study focuses on the perfo

Childbirth is one of the recognized risk factor for female sexual dysfunction (FSD). Despite high prevalence of female sexual dysfunction worldwide, there is very limited data concerning sexual dysfunction in postpartum women. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence of FSD and its subtypes among postpartum women in primary health clinic

The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the effectiveness of internet usage for academic purposes among healthrelated undergraduate students from various courses. This paper has highlighted for understanding more deeply on the effectiveness of internet usage among university students in their studies. This review found that socio economic

Having knowledge and awareness related to first aid in each individual person is important in terms of helping people in emergency situation since injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. On the other hand, first aid is the treatment for the purpose of preserving life and minimizing the consequences of injury and

Objective: As the incidence of emergencies has steadily increased in recent years, it is important to ensure that individuals, including university students, are adequately trained to deal with such events. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of, and attitudes towards, first aid among IIUM Kuantan campus students. Method

This paper reports a Leidenfrost temperature on hemispherical surface constructed by Electrical discharge machining or known as EDM. We focus our study on the droplet evaporation lifetime to investigate and identify the Leidenfrost temperature. Three (3) different types of materials were selected i. e such as Brass (Br), Aluminum (Al) and Copper (C

This case study demonstrates a 33-year old nursing mother who had noticed that her breastmilk had traces of blood giving the appearance of a strawberry coloured milk while expressing for her infant. This is an uncommon encounter but important issue to raise concern among Muslim nursing mothers in terms of medical safety and Islamic ruling of the st

Penyakit leprosi atau kusta adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh sejenis bakteria iaitu Mycobacterium leprae. Ia menyerang terutamanya kulit dan sistem saraf periferi. Ia juga boleh menyerang mata dan sistem pernafasan yang boleh menyebabkan kebutaan, kecacatan muka dan anggota badan. Oleh sebab itu, pada zaman dahulu ketika ubatan belum ditemui un

Adam, aged 2, was playing with his new ball. He suddenly tripped while playing and bumped his head on the ground. He got up and started to cry out loud in pain. His mother quickly came and tried to console him. Out of the sudden, he stopped breathing, his face turned blue for a couple of seconds and he passed out. About 1 minute later, his face tur