OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan Undergraduate Pharmacy students on the use of skin whitening product. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire on the use of skin whitening product was distributed to IIUM Kuantan Undergraduate Pharmacy students a

Objectives: Mutation of a TCF4 gene was previously reported as the cause of Schizophrenia. As documented long ago, there were inverse relationship between Schizophrenia (SZ) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Aim of this study is to detect genetic associations of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), rs9960767 at TCF4 gene between both patients group

INTRODUCTION: Water pollution caused by rare earth elements (REEs) and heavy metals have become serious threats to the survival of aquatic organisms, human, and environment especially in Pahang. This alarming circumstance has inspired the study to measure water quality and concentration of REEs and heavy metals in the rivers within an industrial ar

Caffeine prominent property as a natural sunscreen has received recent interests in researches on topical formulations incorporating this organic compound. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate caffeine behaviours in a broad-spectrum sprayable sunscreen preparation. Two types of sunscreen formulations were developed with and without prese

Salicylic acid (SA) is known to have keratolytic activity for the treatment of skin related disease such as acne and psoriasis. However, it usually causes side effects such as skin irritation. Also, SA is poorly soluble in water making it difficult to formulate. This study aims to explore the use of nanosuspension technology in enhancing the solubi

The aim of this study was to incorporate microponges loaded with resiquimod in gel dosage form. Microsponges were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method using dichloromethane (DCM), ethylacetate (EA), and chloroform in dispersed phase were incorporated into different gels. 0.5% w/w Carbopol® 934 (polyacrylic acid) powder was dispersed int

Restorative justice is a diversion of a traditional criminal justice system which aims to restore whatever has been affected by the victim caused by the crime. Restorative justice emphasizes more on direct responsibility of the accused towards the victim such as to pay compensation to the victim, or to seek forgiveness from the victim rather than p

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 and Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children are the two core international conventions that have found the inclusion of human trafficking issue into international relations. Both of the international written documents have provided excel

Intercountry adoption is recognized at international level as one of the available means for child care. The main international instrument deals with the practice of intercountry adoption is the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Cooperation in respect of Intercountry Adoption of 1993 (hereinafter referred to as the Hague Convention 199

The two major political parties in Malaysia are Barisan Nasional and Pakatan Rakyat, which are dominated by the Malay-Muslim majority. During the 13th national election, to gain public votes, the government used mainstream newspapers to frame Islam-related issues. This research focuses on the characterisation and information reported about Islam an