Albeit the international humanitarian law (IHL) set principles and rules for the protection of civilians and civilian objects such as the rules of ‘distinction’, ‘humanity’ and ‘proportionality’ in time of armed conflicts; it is undeniable fact that civilians have always been the major victims of all kinds of wars across the world. Acco

The purpose of this paper is to prove that undergraduates have the capacity to be engaged in conducting empirical research and generating knowledge. It discusses the outcomes of a recent research training programme offered to undergraduates at the International Islamic University Malaysia. The training programme was organized and conducted by the D

قاعدة الشريعة العامة أن المال لا يلد المال، وأن الربح والزيادة مرتبطان بالإنتاج أو التجارة عن طريق المرابحة أو المضاربة أو المشاركة ونحو ذلك مما يعتمده الاقتصاد الإسلامي بما يمكن تسميته الاق�

In some complex conflicts, the parties are so mistrustfully at loggerhead with each other that without ‘conflict mediation’ or ‘shuttle diplomacy’ direct communication between them would be difficult, though not impossible. This was the nature of the conflict in Afghanistan before US started her ‘shuttle diplomacy’ that lead to the rece

تهدف الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على إمكانية تصميم مستقبلي لكتاب اللغة العربية للطالب المتعلم للغة العربية كلغة أجنبية في منطقة جنوب شرق آسيا، خاصة في ضوء نظرية ما وراء المعرفة، كإحدى النظريات الت

Skyline queries rely on the notion of Pareto dominance, �lter the data items by keeping only those data items that are the best, most preferred, also known as skylines, from a database to meet the user's preferences. Skyline query has been studied extensively and a significant number of skyline algorithms have been proposed, mostly attempt to

In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to solve the trade off common problem in hill climbing search algorithm (HCS) to reach maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The main aim of the new technique is to increase the power efficiency for the wind energy conversion system (WECS). The proposed technique has been combined the three-mode algor

The Water-Soluble Extract (WSE) is a crude bioactive phytoconstituent of Nigella sativa (L.) seeds discovered recently. The current findings report about the thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects of WSE using human blood clot lysis and brine shrimp lethality (BSL) bioassay. The thrombolytic effect of WSE (1,666.67 µg/mL) was determined via the clot a

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is essential for the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) mainly for the small scale wind turbine. In order to captured the maximum possible power from wind turbine, it is very important to operate the WECS at MPPT and tracking the maximum power point in the power output signal. This paper presents a critical ana

The emerging of digital marketing and entrepreneurship is the main spotlight in today's business strategy. The villagers and fishermen are among the people that have original and delicious recipes for food production. Unfortunately, the current marketing technology has made them left out. This collaborative research project focusses on empoweri