Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. To support MANET, many routing protocols are already designed, such as DSDV, DSR, AODV, TORA, OLSR, WRP, ZRP and many more. This study analyzes these thr

An efficient, inexpensive and informal redress machinery is indeed essential for attaining consumer protection. In this respect the ordinary court system in Malaysia is generally perceived to be unable to satisfy consumers’ needs. Thus the establishment of the Tribunal for Consumer Claims in 1999 and the Tribunal for Homebuyer Claims in 2002 may

A system of strict liability for defective products has been incorporated into Malaysian law through Part X of the Consumer Protection Act 1999 (hereinafter referred to as the CPA). It is aimed at providing better protection to the victim of defective or unsafe products. However the system is founded on the policy consideration that product liabili

Kenaf fiber (KF) based thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) composite was produced by melt blending with polypropylene (PP). Kenaf fiber (15% by volume) and TPNR were mixed in as Haake 600p internal mixer. The fracture behavior of the TPNR matrix and of TPNR–kenaf (with and without maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, MAPP) composites was evalu

Biological treatment of sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge by potential pure bacterial culture (Bacillus sp.) with optimum process conditions for effective biodegradation and bioseparation was carried out in the laboratory. The effective and efficient bioconversion was evaluated with the treatment of pure bacterial culture and existing microbes (u

Wetlands provide an important ecological function that contributes to watershed functions, most notably in pollutant removal, flood attenuation, groundwater recharge and discharge,shoreline protection, and wildlife habitat. However, despite of the many watershed services wetlands provide, the pressure from the development of a city is great. This r

This paper presents a study on gender differences in stress coping styles among psychology students in International Islamic University Malaysia. It is hypothesized that male respondents would be more likely to use problem-focused rather than emotion-focused coping style in dealing with stress as compared to the female respondents. A questionnaire

The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from empty fruit bunches (EFB) through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation at 8000C with 30 minutes of activation time. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical

Wetlands provide an important ecological function that contributes to watershed functions, most notably in pollutant removal, flood attenuation, groundwater recharge and discharge, shoreline protection, and wildlife habitat. However, despite of the many watershed services wetlands provide, the pressure from the development of a city is great. This

A finite element model is proposed to determine the residual strength and the evolution of damage area of indented sandwiches structures with Nomex honeycomb core and metallic skins indented by a spherical indenter under longitudinal compression load (CAI). The honeycomb is represented by a grid of non-linear springs which its behavior law is obtai