The intent of this paper is to propose an energy-efficient routing protocol with data transmission security for wireless sensor networks. We create an energy and distance aware sink-rooted tree in the network which is used for secure data transmissions from the source sensors to the base station. We mainly focus on ensuring authenticity and confide

The principle aim of establishing the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) is to offer courses that integrate both secular (non religious) and Islamic (religious) curriculum. Therefore, the study of Islamic Law (Shariah) constitutes an important component in the legal education at Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws (AIKOL) as it is an inte

In this paper, we consider a particular type of deployment scenario of a distributed sensor network (DSN), where sensors of different types and categories are densely deployed in the same target area. In this network, the sensors are associated with different groups, based on their functional types and after deployment they collaborate with one ano

In this paper, we propose an efficient security scheme for wireless sensor networks which provides good level of confidentiality and authenticity of the data that are transmitted from the sensors to the base station. We use one-way hash chain and pre-stored shared secret keys for ensuring the data transmission security in the network. In our scheme

A new deployment model of distributed sensor network is presented where sensors with different functional types participate at the same time. In this model the sensors are associated with different deployment sets but they cooperate with each other within and out of their respective sets. We term this network model as Heterogeneous Distributed Sens

This paper proposes a novel remote user authentication scheme using smart cards which allows both the authentication server (AS) and the user to verify each other’s authenticity. Our scheme is efficient enough to resist the known attacks that could be launched against remote user authentication process.P2-4 Abstract --This paper proposes a novel

This paper proposes an efficient mechanism of node membership verification within the groups of sensors in a wireless sensor network (WSN). We utilize one-way accumulator to check the memberships of the legitimate nodes in a secure way. Our scheme also supports the addition and deletion of nodes in the groups in the network. Our analysis shows that

• Abstract: Medieval philosophers were confident that they must and could interpret and assimilate philosophy i.e. Greek philosophy into the religious ethos. The medieval philosophers' reasoning on why it was necessary to incorporate philosophy into the religious ethos is because philosophy provided the proofs for theoretical opinions in reli

A fully integrated two-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator, fabricated using a standard 0.6- m complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process is described in this paper. Only three micromachining processes, namely, reactive ion etching, zinc–oxide deposition, and wet etching, implemented subsequent to the standard process, are re

A Meta Analysis is a statistical technique for integrating quantitative results of the same research question from several sources. It is being applied in various disciplines including the medical and social sciences research,. One of the common problems with meta analysis data is when the variability measures, specifically, the standard deviations