This chapter mainly discusses the application of “private international law” – also referred to as the “conflict of laws”1 – in contractual disputes. This subject, in essence, is related to three major factors in deciding a civil case which involves foreign elements, such as, which forum has the jurisdiction to try the case; the law of

Gamification is an informal umbrella term for the use of video game elements in non-gaming systems. Gamification is a method of motivating and changing behaviors. It has been successfully applied in multiple sectors, including health, tourism, hospitality, banking, manufacturing, and education, for multiple purposes. It is widely used for customer-

The digital age has increased access to large and comprehensive sources of data from public and private administrative databases, and new sources of information from online transactions, social-media interactions, and internet searches. The availability of these massive datasets offers up a world of possibilities for studying human behaviour and so

Patients according to their acuity. However, there are limited studies discussing patients’ knowledge and understanding of the triage system. This review aimed to identify prior studies that discussed the patients’ knowledge and understanding of the triage system and to discover patients’ expectations of priority when they came to the ED and

In searching for new biomarkers, high throughput technique has been widely used by researchers, including for gene expression study. However, the reliability and accuracy of results from high throughput study critically depends on appropriate data management, including normalization methods. Data driven normalization has been introduced as a normal

Background: The production of radionuclides as industrial by-products such as radium (226Ra), thorium (232Th), potassium(40K), and uranium (238U) might contaminate the soil and harm the health of nearby populations for long-term. Due to the limited evidence of the associated relation and lack of public awareness of the potential risk, people tend t

In this work, we successfully demonstrated an all-fiber, dual-wavelength holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) with a tunable wavelength spacing range of 8 nm to 24 nm. The HDFL utilizes a Lyot filter to obtain a stable dual wavelength output, with the Lyot filter being constructed from a polarizer, a 20 m polarizing maintaining fiber (PMF) and two pola

THE HALAL market has become one of the most dynamic growth areas worldwide. Driven by the expanding global Muslim population and the increasing demand for ethically produced goods, this industry is no longer defined by geographic or religious boundaries. Instead, the market is emerging as a robust model for sustainable, inclusive, and global consum

This research aims to study the development of governance in Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia and analyze the role of the Shariah Advisory Council in enhancing this governance. The research reviews the historical roots of the development of Islamic banking in Malaysia, with a focus on the effects of adopting the Shariah Governance Standar

Activated carbon (AC) is the most common and economically viable adsorbent for eliminating toxic organic pollutants, particularly dyes, from wastewater. Its widespread adoption is due to the simplicity and affordable production of AC, wherein low-cost agricultural wastes, such as durian skin can be used. Converting durian skin into AC presents a pr