This book introduces a new paradigm called ‘Optimization in Changeable Spaces’ (OCS) as a useful tool for decision making and problem solving. It illustrates how OCS incorporates, searches, and constructively restructures the parameters, tangible and intangible, involved in the process of decision making. The book elaborates on OCS problems tha

Introduction: Dens evaginatus (DE) is a developmental anomaly. It is an extra cusp or tubercle protrudes from the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, as well as the lingual surface of anterior teeth. Tubercles are susceptible to pulp exposure from wear or fracture because of malocclusion, leading to pulpal complications early after eruption. DE ma

Introduction: Hearing impairment has been listed as one of the health risks associated with scuba diving. Evidence of hearing loss associated with inner ear barotrauma was found in previous studies. This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between hearing status and years, depth and total hours of diving. Methods: Thirty male divers

Malaysia with its socio-cultural structure is one of the rare unity that can exemplify many countries because of her ability to live in peace and tranquillity with multi-religious, multilingual and multicultural societies. Considering this multi-culturalism, multi-religion and multi-lingual as a wealth, thus they are struggling together to create a

Most of Probabilistic Load Flow (PLF) studies with consideration of generation and load uncertainties concern with reducing efforts computational in addition high accuracy. One of the most famous expansion method used is Gram-Charlier and Comulants. This paper proposed a Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) to improve the common used PLF computat

Fade mitigation technique (FMT) is a method to overcome the rain fade effects in microwave communication link. The frequency diversity method using switching technique was used and implemented in this research. The frequency diversity improvement factor (FDIF) proposed by ITU-R was analysed using measured data. The measurement was used as a benchma

This study explores the impact of marketing strategies of credit card providers on credit card users in Malaysia. It investigates customers’ perception of credit card products, promotions, pricing and place strategies. Credit card usage patterns are observed in terms of card possession, usage frequency, spending amount and usage motivation. The s

Meiobenthos in Bidong Archipelago in coastal water of the South China Sea is hypothesised to have a certain trend of distribution particularly in the island ecosystem where it is usually having different type of sea bottom. Nonetheless, since it is located in a tropical area, the trend at the sub-tidal could be less obvious due to absent of clear s

Geçen haftaki Endonezya ziyaretimiz bize bir gerçeği daha hatırlattı. Ümmetin dertleri ile dertlenen, ümmetin geleceğine kafa ve gönül yoran, ümmet için var olup ümmet için yok olma mücadelesi içinde olanlar zaten o ağır yükü de çoktan omuzlamışlardır. Bir çok üniversite, okul ve geleneksel tabirle Pondok (Medrese) ziyaret

The radio waves propagating through the earth atmosphere is particles, such as water vapor, water drops and the ice particles. The atmospheric gases and rain both absorb and scatter the radio waves, and consequently degrade the performance of the microwave link. Millimeter wave (mmWave) is today's breakthrough frontier for emerging wireless mob