Mangroves in Malaysia reside on the coastlines, and the largest areas of mangrove are in the Northern Sabah. Over the past decades, mangrove species have been reported to be disappearing from the globe. It is due to several natural processes that have been inserted to fill the needs of the increased population. These include illegal logging, agricu

The peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing protocol has evolved from depending on Internet connection provided by the cellular network, to free Internet connectivity through Wi-Fi technology. On the other hand, IEEE 802.15.4 is considered as today’s one of the top growing wireless protocol. This paper introduces ZigBee technology, which falls under this

UMAT Islam masa kini meng­hadapi dilema akibat sikap dan tingkah laku mereka. Ku­rang penelitian dalam aspek strategi dan pemahaman mengenai perjuangan politik dalam Islam menyebabkan para pemimpin po­litik gagal meyakinkan masyarakat bahwa merekalah harapan dan penaung kepada agama dan umat Islam. Objektif perjuangan parti politik yang lebih mi

The debate on the death penalty seems endless. Some see the death penalty as a form of human rights violation, while others consider it as a means to preserve and protect the rights of others. This article provides an exposition of the death penalty from the international, Malaysian and Shari‛ah perspectives. In doing this, a brief philosophy of

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the best characterised member of the receptor tyrosine kinases, which play an important role in signalling across mammalian cell membranes. The EGFR juxtamembrane (JM) domain is involved in the mechanism of activation of the receptor, interacting with the anionic lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosp

Objective – This paper seeks to examine the practice of intercountry adoption as prescribed in the Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption 1993 (the Hague Convention 1993) particularly relating to its requirements and procedures. This is in order to describe the minimum safeguards provided b

The purpose of the study is to review the current state of Islamic banking in Morocco, and to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of Islamic banking services in the country. Accordingly, a survey was conducted covering 400 respondents from most of the Moroccan regions, and data analysis was based on linear regression. The findings r

Marriage in Islam is a sacred institution. It is a form of ritual submission towards the Almighty God. In order to constitute a valid marriage, one of the pre-requisite is that the marriage must be in the presence of the female party’s blood relatives guardian (wali nasab) or at least his consent is obtained. In the absence of such guardian or hi

Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) have been undergoing many changes and development, giving impacts to the work process of university staff, and their work-related attitudes and well being. Studies have been conducted to look at relationship between organizational commitment among university administrators and its psychosocial predictors, such as

Ethyl-4-fluoro-3-nitro benzoate was synthesised in good yield under closed vessel conditions using a single-mode microwave. This simple method involved adding catalytic amounts of H2SO4 at specific intervals of time to overcome the problems associated with equilibrium. The method was first optimised in terms of temperature, and the effect of using