In this study, the use of differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) heating thermograms was investigated to detect the presence of lard (LD), beef tallow (BT), and chicken fat (CF) as contaminants in sunflower oil. Sunflower oil samples spiked separately with LD, BT, and CF in levels ranging from 1 to 20% (w/w) were analyzed using high performance l

The Malaysian government has adopted the Build Operate Transfer (BOT) project contractual arrangement for developing public infrastructure projects like highways and railways. In an effort to balance the economic and social needs of the community, the government has introduced a policy and legal framework to address the issue. The aim of this artic

إن المرأة هي اللّبنة الأولى في الأسرة؛ وهي الأم الحانية على أولادها وزوجها، الراعية لشؤونهم، والمزودة للمجتمع بالرجال والنساء المصلحين له، وبدونها تتعطل حركة الحياة داخل الأسرة وخارجها؛ وقد

Build Operate Transfer (BOT) is a kind of legal mechanism of privatisation. It is a business venture between the government and the concessionaire, with the ownership of the project asset transferred to the government at the end of the concession period. In Malaysia, a decade after the beginning of privatisation was marked by the emergence of capit

The main objective of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of the household for improving the air quality in Klang Valley, Malaysia as a result of implementation of two types of transport hypothetical policy options. Survey method will be conducted to estimate how much the household in Klang Valley would value lowering the health

The effect of tradeliberalization on the environment can be directly linked to energy consumption, because energy consumption and production are the underlying cause of most pollutants that harm the environment. The descriptive statistics show that average annual growth of energy consumption per capita after tradeliberalization varies among countri

The need of modern man requires more practical answer from religious perspective to support them in facing rapid changes and high demands of life. The issue of human will which is the most important and fundamental foundation to the concept of responsibility and morality is still open to discussion and debate. This paper aims at exploring the view

Development economists and policy makers across the globe extensively discuss the factors affecting the growth performance of developing economies. The recent financial crisis and poor performance of financial sector instigated the economies to shift from suppressive regulations to deregulations of interest rate along with implementation of a few o

Language teachers at all levels are being encouraged to integrate technology into teaching. Yet each has his/her own story to tell where implementation is concerned. This paper attempts to capture the experience of teachers in two different settings with regard to technology integration in language teaching. It focuses on language teachers teaching

Students’ ability to perform successfully in the content area is often correlated with their ability to read and comprehend texts. However, the time spent on reading is often limited to a dedicated learning environment. To ensure that reading can be done regardless of time and space, mobile learning or MLearning through its mobile technologies su