Ethyl-4-fluoro-3-nitro benzoate was synthesised in good yield under closed vessel conditions using a single-mode microwave. This simple method involved adding catalytic amounts of H2SO4 at specific intervals of time to overcome the problems associated with equilibrium. The method was first optimised in terms of temperature, and the effect of using

هذا البحث يتناول أهم معالم منهج سلف الأمة في تدبر القرآن الكريم، ويقارنها بمنهج التدبر عند المسلمين اليوم في معظم البلدان. والهدف من ذلك الإسهام في معالجة مشكلة عدم التأثر الأخلاقي والعملي با�

Sexual harassment refers to any unwanted or unwelcomed conduct of a sexual nature either verbal, non-verbal, visual, psychological or physical harassment. As sexual harassment violates an individual’s fundamental rights, the perpetrator may be subject to criminal prosecution besides a range of disciplinary measures, up to and including dismissal

This article is a doctrinal legal research that employs comparative approach to analyse and explore employee whistleblower protection in Malaysia and Nigeria and under the common law as well. Employee whistleblowers who reported the misconduct of a fellow employee or superior within their organisation frequently face reprisal or retaliation, someti

Smartphones devices, due to its complex sensory capability and comparable processing power, have proven their capability of handling mobility-related applications. This article aims at addressing the need for research on the development of mobility determination and estimation systems based on smartphones. Essentially, three main types of systems a

Before appropriate disciplinary action is taken against an affected worker, the employer is required to hold a domestic enquiry and observe the principle of natural justice namely, that the accused employee must be given a fair chance to challenge the charges levelled against him; to present evidence of his own choice; to cross-examine the company�

Through this article, the writers have laid down the reasons why the Employers’ Federation was not initially in favour of such a fund,reasoned out some of their contentions against it, and stated how the Fund would benefit them in the long run and serve as a protection to them in times of economic uncertainty. Further, some suggestions were formu

A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of fixed size. A hash function usually has two main components: a permutation function or compression function and mode of operation. We will propose a new concrete novel design of a permutation based hash functions called Gear in this paper. It is a hash functio

The Industrial Court would, as a general rule, in a complaint of non-compliance, look at the terms of the award by confining itself within the four walls of the award and determine whether the terms of the award had been complied with. Where the court is satisfied that there has been non-compliance by the employer, and where the employer has no spe

Sexual harassment refers to any unwanted or unwelcomed conduct of a sexual nature either by verbal, non-verbal, visual, psychological or physical harassment. As sexual harassment violates an individual's fundamental rights, the perpetrator may be subject to criminal prosecution besides a range of disciplinary measures, up to and including dismi