Children having cerebral palsy will incur life-long disabilities, which require high costs of medical and nursing care. This imposes a tremendous burden on the families of the affected children, whether financially or emotionally. It is understandable for the affected families to initiate court litigation in order to alleviate the financial burden

Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O & G) are among the specialties at high risk of malpractice claims. In particular, obstetric malpractice attracts high incidence of claims as birth injuries are usually serious and devastating. The resulting disabilities and malformation from the injuries tend to be life-long and victims are deprived of years of enj

The paper argues the position of the historicist city, which is defined as a city derived from principles of history and tradition yet which embody a framework of urban form and spatial structure evoking historical form and cultural rootedness while still achieving goals of green urbanism and the low carbon city framework and targets. It is highlig

The birth of conjoined twins is a comparatively rare event, constituting 1 in 100,000 births. Being a product of a single fertilised egg, these twins are believed to be the result of an incomplete division of embryo, which inhibits complete development of various organ systems. As a result, they usually suffer from physical malformation manifested

End-of-life decision making is an area of medical practice in which ethical dilemmas and legal interventions have become increasingly prevalent. Decisions are no longer confined to clinical assessments, rather they involve wider considerations such as patient’s religious and cultural beliefs, financial constraints, and the wishes of family member

Over the past century, the health care industry has witnessed a strong deference to the principle of patient autonomy. The greater focus on a patient’s right to self-determination which is concomitant with the decline in medical paternalism is attributable to several factors, including rapid technological advancements in medicine and the increase

Even though there has been substantial evidence on the benefits of breastfeeding, Malaysia has one of the lowest rates of breastfeeding in Asia. The Malaysia Third National and Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006 showed that less than 155 of infants below six months were breastfed exclusively in 2006; and the prevalence of continued breastfeedi

Knowledge may be perceived positively, negatively or neutrally depending on one’s belief or profession. Since knowledge is generally no individual’s monopoly it may be acquired, processed, retained, utilized and disseminated by anyone and anywhere, individually or institutionally. Knowledge may be associated with wisdom (al-hikmah) although the

In the Islamic capital market, the Sukuk (Islamic investment certificates) segment is considered by key stakeholders in the Islamic financial services industry as the most vibrant segment in the global Islamic financial system. This paper provides a preliminary literature survey on the application of third party guarantee in Islamic capital market

Swarm Robotics (SR) is a new field of study that is mainly concerned with con-trolling and coordinating a multiple small robots. SR has several key characteristics that make it a preferable choice for a variety of tasks. The characteristics include lower cost, easiness to program, scalability of tasks and fault tolerance. The robustness from fault