The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and cultural beliefs of urban Malay (Muslim) women towards Pap smear screening. A questionnaire-based survey of 300 Malay women in the Gombak district of Selangor, Malaysia, which evaluated the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge of Pap smear testing,

Hydrogen has been recognized as one of the potential alternative energy sources which can be used for many different purposes. It can be produced from microbial cultivation with waste organic materials. However, the amount of biohydrogen produced is still at an unsatisfactorily level. Besides, raw material cost is another concern for making the who

A Petri net controlled grammar is a Petri net with respect to a context-free grammar where the successful derivations of the grammar can be simulated using the occurrence sequences of the net. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of Petri net controlled grammars, called a place-labeled Petri net controlled grammar, which is a context-free gram

Sox9 plays an important role as transcription factor for chondrogenesis; the formation of cartilage. This study aimed to identify the potential of the transiently overexpressed Sox9 gene in human chondrocytes differentiation and tissue engineered cartilage (TEC) formation in vitro. Articular cartilage samples were obtained from osteoarthritic patie

In this study, a kinetic model was developed for batch growth and sugar consumption by the cell suspension cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) Columbia (Col) ecotype cultivated in the continuous dark condition. The model included sucrose hydrolysis by the cell-wall invertase enzyme into glucose and fructose and consumption of these hexos

Sago waste which has not been fully utilised is a potential substrate for biotechnological applications. This study is concerned with hydrogen gas production by Escherichia coli (E. coli) using dark fermentation and sago waste as the substrate. Glucose content after acid pre-treatment process for sago waste at 90°C for 40 minutes was 2.150 g/L. In

A stoichiometric model was developed for the application of metabolic flux balance analysis (FBA) which consisted of the primary metabolic network of Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana). The basic metabolic model involved 149 metabolites and 178 reactions that represent the main carbon metabolism towards the formation of biomass. Assuming pseudo-ste

INTRODUCTION The pathology of renal failure results in the deterioration of multiple physiologic, biochemical, and biologic bodily functions. Haemodialysis (HD) is the main method of therapy of reducing the damages, up to some extent. KT/V has long been used to measure the adequacy of haemodialysis, despite its limitations. It is still up to now a

Community Pharmacists are in a position to provide advice and services of sleep-related disorders to the community. Interventions that measure sleep/wake objectively can assist pharmacist in consultation. This feasibility study was conducted to evaluate: (1) the effectiveness of a ‘community-pharmacy-based’ intervention, (2) the role of actigra

Pharmacists are in a suitable position to give advice and provide services related to sleep disorders to individuals who are unable to easily access sleep health centres. To improve the service, it is important to identify the customers’ point of views of the service and intervention. Study objectives are to: (1) identify opinions and beliefs of