Malaysia ditubuhkan pada tahun 1963, merangkumi Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah dan Sarawak. Kini Malaysia berusia 52 tahun dan masih terus membangun. Sejak penubuhannya, Malaysia telah mencapai pelbagai kejayaan dan mencipta nama di persada antarabangsa. Perkhidmatan kesihatan di Malaysia juga telah mencapai tahap yang optima, daripada pertambahan bil

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) test is a common screening tool used by medical personnel in the ophthalmology clinic when seeing newly referred cases. It is done routinely prior to consultation with a medical officer. Even medical students are reminded to perform the RAPD test as part of a complete cranial nerve examination. Despite its

Number of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop smoking clinics and smoking cessation medications. Other than smokers’ level of motivation to quit smoking, competency of the healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention using evidence-based guidelines needs to considered. Hence, know

Project management is a combination of both science and art as the merger of the terms of ‘project’ reflects to the technical knowledge, skills and competencies and ‘management’ refers to the human related components such interpersonal and leadership capabilities. Leadership is identified as central and core to successful business outcomes

Abstract—Islam is a way of life than merely a religion that covers all facets of Muslim affairs and lifes. It provides the most comprehensive values, principles and guidance that are based on divine sources to all mankind in all spheres including leadership. Islamic leadership is all encompassing and holistic model of leadership that offers the t

The concept of probabilistic splicing system was introduced as a model for stochastic processes using DNA computing techniques. In this paper we introduce splicing systems endowed with different continuous and discrete probabilistic distributions and call them as probabilistic splicing systems. We show that any continuous distribution does not incr

After the recent spread of the Internet, many technology terms appeared like Smartphone, social media and cloud computing. Flexibility in use this technology encourage people to communicate and share their information in all kinds: photos, videos, documents and sometimes sensitive information like bank account. Annually we note the increased number

A mathematical model for DNA computing using the recombination behavior of DNA molecules, known as a sticker system, has been introduced in 1998. In sticker system, the sticker operation is based on the Watson-Crick complementary feature of DNA molecules. The computation of sticker system starts from an incomplete double-stranded sequence. Then by

A group key management has an important role in multicast security in order to achieve data integrity and confidentiality. Key trees are ideal for a group of users to efficiently and securely share a common secret key, the group key, which can encrypt transmitted data, or other session keys that protect group communication. A new group key manageme

Sticker system has been introduced in 1994 as a model for DNA computing using the re-combination behaviour of DNA molecules. A sticker model is an abstract computational model which uses the Watson-Crick complementarity principle of DNA molecules. Starting from the incomplete double-stranded sequences, and by iterative sticking operations, complete