This study deeply investigates the overlap between Islamic and international legal frameworks concerning treaties, using a comparative approach to analyse where they converge and diverge. It strongly advocates for integrating Islamic legal principles into existing international treaty conventions, acknowledging the adaptable nature of Islamic law a

explains how biomarkers are evolving from simple lab tests to multidimensional tools for risk prediction and organ‑specific monitoring in perioperative and ICU patients. They now support diagnosis, risk stratification, early detection of organ injury, and treatment guidance, especially in cardiovascular risk, kidney injury, and sepsis.​ No sing

The negative side-effects of the usage of synthetic antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in feeds for animals and humans have been widely understood, although it positively promotes growth and gives better economic returns to the farmers. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Piper betle extract as an herbal product as a f

This study aimed to compare the 3D skull models reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images using three different open-source software with a commercial software as a reference. The commercial Mimics v17.0 software was used to reconstruct the 3D skull models from 58 subjects. Next, two open-source software, MITK Workbench 2016.11, 3D Slicer

Introduction: Supra-nano spherical filled composite resin (Omnichroma, Tokuyama, Japan) with sol-gel method has 0.26 μm filler size, while nanohybrid composite resin (ENA HRi, Micerium, Italy) has 0.2-1 μm filler size. Nanofillers enhance resistance from chlorogenic acid contained in Coffea arabica. This study analyzed the surface roughness diffe

Background: Materials such as calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] are commonly used for vital pulp therapy in dentistry, but they have some limitations. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is able to induce reparative dentin; therefore, it can be used as an alternative to Ca(OH)2 for pulp treatment. However, pulp treatment materials should have some ideal characteristics,

Whether brought on by specific diseases, inherited traits, or trauma like an acci-dent, craniofacial surgery on the bones of the head or face is frequently necessary to manage these conditions. Sometimes it is necessary to remove a portion of the bone and replace it with implants, both for cosmetic and functional anatomical reasons. In addition to

Pensijilan Halal Malaysia – Pemantauan dan Penguatkuasaan (Halal Certification in Malaysia – Surveillance and Enforcement), authored by Mohd Amri Abdullah and Zalina Zakaria, is a wholesome book on halal certification, monitoring and enforcement in Malaysia. The 174-page book, published in 2023 by Penerbit Universiti Malaya, is written in the M

The Afghan “Jirga” system is considered one of the most ancient and well-respected institutions widely used for resolving civil and criminal disputes. The Jirga operates on a basic mechanism, which includes local customs and traditions. It offers swift, accessible, and affordable justiceto the local communities. This paper aims to examine the J

The research “Lifelong Learning Education for Fardhu ‘Ayn Skill and Knowledge: An Analytical Study from the Bustan 'Ilm Project of CENTRIS IIUM” explores the role of lifelong learning in enhancing Fardhu ‘Ayn skills and knowledge. The study focuses on the Bustan 'Ilm project, an initiative by the Centre for Islamisation at the Inter