One of the main challenges with curcumin is its hydrophobic nature, which limits its solubility and bioavailability. This issue can be addressed by using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs). The small size and large surface area of these NPs significantly enhance drug delivery systems by improving the solubility and bioavailab

Pavement and road networks play a very huge role in everyone’s daily lives to connect from one point to another point. With globalization, growth in the economy, and development, the number of vehicles traveling each day on the road increases rapidly over the years. Thus, the constant application of heavy loads together with Malaysia’s climatic

The Playable City design approach is a form of urban planning that strongly emphasises human-centric principles and the well-being of city dwellers. It focuses on enhancing the quality of life by transforming urban areas into lively spaces that people not only inhabit but genuinely enjoy being a part of. By combining playfulness with critical desig

It is estimated that 48% of children globally and over 70% of those in Malaysia suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). This review aimed to systematically gather studies on ECC and determine key factors associated with it using bibliometric analysis. The “early childhood caries” keyword was searched in the Scopus database. A total of 1,984 a

In this paper, the development and implementation of an electronic nose (e-nose) system utilizing the MQ sensor series from MOS-type gas sensors to classify mango gold susu ripeness is presented. The system's performance was enhanced through machine learning techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for data dimensionality reduct

This paper seeks to discuss the origin of diplomacy in international law and its gradual development from its infancy phase until the official emergence of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961 (“VCDR 1961”), as well as the challenges faced by the global players of international law in ensuring that international diplomacy, as embo

Sand and dust storms present significant challenges to microwave and millimeter-wave propagation, directly impacting communication systems. Despite the existence of various theoretical and analytical models for predicting dust storm attenuation, many have overlooked the crucial factor of humidity. This study had conducted a year-long monitoring of

Hydrogen is considered to be the fuel of the future because of its high energy content (122 kJ/g), and water is the only byproduct of its use. Moreover, the production of hydrogen via fermentation of organic wastes is carbon neutral. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of immobilized cells on PVDF membrane for biohydrogen productio

This initiative discusses the utilization of the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable smart control and monitoring of multiple devices in an industrial automation lab. The traditional manual approach of overseeing device performance in the industrial sector is prone to errors and lacks scalability and efficiency. The investigation compares Node-Red a

Dust storms are complex meteorological events that significantly impact the propagation of microwave signals, presenting challenges to prediction models which often rely on theoretical scattering principles without considering various meteorological parameters. In this study, meteorological data-including pressure, visibility, wind speed, temperatu