Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only
Nowadays, there are approximately 470 million small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs) and farmers across developing countries losing income (average 15%) due to food spoilage (Rockefeller Foundation 2013). It has been estimated that more than 25% of the world's food spoilage belongs to biological or microbial spoilage (Nychas & Panagou 2011). Ev