Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal profit-and-loss sharing (PLS)-based contract when market frictions occur. Design/methodology/approach – This paper opts for an adverse selection analysis and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the less risky contract for the principal and the agent when musharakah, mudarabah and vent

This qualitative study aimed to diagnose the challenges facing teachers of the (A2) program for the Arabic language in developing 21st century learning skills among students of the Arabic language in Comoros high schools. The 21st century imposes an interest in acquiring students the skills that can help them solve their learning problems, prepare

The textbook has been of great importance in the teaching and learning process - whatever the subject may be – for a long time, and it remains so, because it is considered as the pier which the student depends on to achieve highly in the required syllabus/subjects. Arabic language text books for non-native Arabic speakers, although it is new in c

This paper discusses the relationship in post-independence Malaysia between the state, civil society and the country’s dominant religion, that is, Islam. When Malaya obtained independence from the British in 1957, many expected that Islam would lead to social and economic decline. The constitution states that Islam is the state religion, although

This article attempts to understand the perception of the rice-growing farmers on the issue of climate change (CC) and identify their adaptive capacity (AC). A survey was conducted through structured questionnaires to understand farmers’ perception and adaptation strategies in response to changing climate and variability. The findings indicate th

Though there is a growing body of literature on Syed Sheikh al-Hadi, few focuses on his contributions to the educational reform. Thus, this study analyzes Syed Sheikh al-Hadi’s views on the educational reforms. Al-Hadi who epitomized the Malay reformists was discontent with the traditional Islamic education in Malaya because of its inadequacy to

An evidently dominate problem in the software development domain is that software security is not consistently addressed from the initial phase of software development which escalates security concerns, results in insecure software development. Several secure software development methodologies were introduced in literature and recommended to the in

The assist-as-needed technique in robotic rehabilitation is a popular technique that encourages patients’ active participation to promote motor recovery. It has been proven beneficial for patients with functional motor disability. However, its application in robotic therapy has been hindered by a poor estimation method of subjects’ functional o

Named Data networking is a novel communication model that is designed mainly to ensure efficient data dissemination on the internet. In this paper, a practical structure of naming data content in NDN is presented using name based routing as well as mobility first. Simulations are conducted to determine to mobility of both the consumer and producer

Women’s rights issues in relation to marriage are the most significant topic of debate in many countries. Marriage is regularly portrayed as an “oppressive sphere” for women, with their rights being oppressed the moment they enter a marriage contract, especially in Islam. However, in many cases, Islamic matrimony has been demonstrated to libe