This study empirically assesses the relative efficiency of mutual funds in Indonesia during the period 2004 to 2007. To measure their efficiencies, the output-input data consisting of a panel of 23 mutual funds are empirically examined based on the most commonly used non-parametric approach, namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The study finds

Most developed countries have enforced the use of “Universal Design” in any physical development of their cities, for the purpose of eliminating discrimination among the society members towards the unfortunate handicapped persons. Nevertheless, in many developing countries, the awareness and inclusion of Universal Design is still in its initial

One of the main reasons for Muslims’ decadence was the philosophical system which inculcates self-negation and self-abandonment. This system advocates an attitude of lack of interest in action, renunciation of the world, and an asceticism which are against the original spirit of Islam. IqbÉl was opposed to this system, and he introduced a unique

Vallecular cyst, a benign yet rare laryngeal lesion, may cause stridor and even life-threatening upper airway obstruction in infants. It can cause apnoea and poor feeding habits, thus reducing the chance of survival. Although laryngomalacia remains the most common cause of stridor in this age group, awareness and a high level of suspicion for this

Background and Aim: A recent randomised double-blind placebocontrolled trial (RCT) demonstrated that Pioglitazone therapy was effective in reducing hepatocellular injury and fibrosis in subjects with NASH. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of Pioglitazone in NASH. Methods: Liver biopsy samples collected from 46

Purpose–Objective: Wilms’ tumour commonly presents as abdominal mass that originates from the renal parenchyma. We encountered and thus report and illustrate a case in which this malignant tumour filled and expand the renal pelvis with minimal parenchymal infiltration. Material and methods: A previously healthy 2-year-old boy was admitted to ou

Secularism is the most serious challenge of modernity posed by the West. Its main ideology is to liberate man from the religious and metaphysical values and expel religion from the practical aspect of man’s life. It clearly presents its materialistic viewpoint which is cut off from Divine, Transcendent or Supernatural principles and does not refe

Purpose: A worrying number of Malaysian undergraduate students are failing in Al-Azhar University annually. This qualitative case study looks into the reasons behind why a large number of Malaysian students fail. It is to understand and add to our knowledge of the reasons of why this phenomenon is occurring. The study aims to identify what seem to

Islamic revivalism led to the development of Islamic awakening throughout the Muslim world by uniting the Muslim society. In the process of liberating the Muslim countries from the colonists, all Muslims, including the traditionalists and secularists, felt the necessity of unity. Historically, Islamic awakening brought about the spirit of establish

From the Islamic perspective, man and woman are not come to this world accidentally without any mission and purpose in his life. This principle is clearly laid down in the Qur’an: “Did you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us?” This verse makes the point that man and woman h