The aim of this paper is to report the earliest waqf in Malaysia based on recent findings. Research methodology used is historical research method. It nvolved library research such as books, journal articles, ,conference papers,monograph and theses.The findings are strengthened within interviews with historian,archaeologist and geologist. The resea

The study aims to clarify the conditions which help Judge or his representative, as a committee member, to consider tightening the financial penalty for breaking regulations and rules of the Civil Defense in Saudi Arabia. The study starts with clarifying the concept of financial penalty, its types and purposes. Then it analyses the conditions menti

The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the factors that affect Muslim customers’participation in using Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) scheme for micro-enterprises. The decomposed theory of planned behavior (DTPB) was used as the research frame work. The paper uses primary data collected by self-administered questionnaires involving a s

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the factors that affect Muslim customers’ participation in using Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT). The decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) was used as the research framework. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses primary data collected by self-administered questionnair

Essential oil (EO) is a natural oil typically obtained through the process of distillation of plant and natural sources. Recently, the use of EOs has gained popularity, particularly among women as a result of renewed interest in the art of aromatherapy. In this paper, the researchers review the literature on EO usage across cultures in two ways: 1)

This paper introduces a new variant of Petri net controlled grammars, namely a concurrently controlled grammar, where the control over the application of the productions of a grammar is realized by a Petri net with different parallel firing strategies. The generative capacity of these grammars is investigated with respect to transition labeling str

Today, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the main causes of death around the world, including countries under the banner of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The surge in the prevalence of CVDs is predominantly contributed by demographic changes and adoption of sedentary lifestyles together with deficient in physical activity.

Background: In Malaysia, community pharmacies play an important and vital role in both urban and rural areas with approximately 30% of 12,000 registered pharmacists with annual retention certificate practicing in community pharmacies. The main objective of this study was to find the perception of respondents on the value and necessity of pharmacist

Objectives: The prevalence of depression among patients with diabetes mellitus has been reported to be higher than normal population. This study assessed the prevalence of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in east coast Malaysia and its associated factors. Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 103 patients with type 2 d

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus. This study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high HbA1c and dyslipidemia among diabetic patients in government primary care clinics. Methods: A cross sectional study was car