A new erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated using a combination of newly developed Erbium Zirconia co-doped fiber (Zr-EDF) and the commercial silica-based Erbium-doped fiber (Si-EDF) as the gain medium. Both fibers have a very high concentration of erbium ion. A compact amplifier operating in C-band region is firstly reported using a

Introduction: Nutrition screening for older adults is feasible to include in routine visits to their General Practitioners. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of older patients related to their experiences when undergoing the nutrition screening process, and to evaluate outcomes post nutrition screening. Method: Patients aged

Self-defence has long been understood as an inherent right of a State when it is militarily attacked by another State. After September 11, however, there have been attempts to reinterpret the meaning of ‘armed attack’ under Article 51 of the UN Charter to include attacks by terrorists - non-State actors. This paper critically examines the legal

Asset pricing models, originally designed for the US market, assume sufficiency of local market in capturing systematic market risk in the stock returns. The models were extended to other developed markets that are fully integrated with the US market by replacing the local market with the global market. However, the ability of these models to captu

The governing law on the administration of estate in Malaysia requires an appointment of a personal representative before a deceased’s estate can be dealt with. The personal representative acts as a fiduciary and is empowered to take possession and control over of the estate. However, in the hands of unscrupulous personal representative, the esta

Accumulated data has been proposed that viral genotypes and sub genotypesplay an important role in clinical outcome and antiviral monitoring of chronic HBV infection. Genotyping and quantitating of HBV DNA levels molecularly is relatively expensive. On the other side, serum HBsAg quantification has been recently standardized by automated quantitati

Owner identification is an important aspect of improving network visibility and enhancing network security within local area networks deploying IPv6. This paper presents a simulation study for owner identification in an enterprise local area network from their IPv6 addresses. The study is based around the reverse implementation (many-to-one mapping

In the next few years, the demands and challenges for the 4G (and its derivatives ie LTE-A) alternative must be addressed to meet the prime objectives of the upcoming 5G mobile networks such as increased capacity, improved data rate, low latency, and better quality of service. To achieve these objectives, drastic improvements need to be made in cel

Colloidal gold nanoparticles have been successfully prepared using a simple two-electrode cells connected to a DC power supply. During the electro-dissolution-reduction process, the bulk gold at the anode oxidized into gold cations which then reacted with the chloride ions to form aurochloride complex. The complex ions were then reduced by the citr

This study focus on the cross-sectional image of sandwich panel; the kenaf dispersion in core and the skin core interaction. Fracture image is the image outcome of flexural test. The main element of the core structure is kenaf and the skin used in this study is galvanised steel sheet. Skin thickness being used in this research is 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm.