This chapter presents details on the purification, formulation and drying of recombinant bromelain. The wide range of applications of recombinant bromelain has increased interest in finding viable purification techniques for large-scale production. An affinity chromatography technique was developed by Amid and co-workers (Expression, purification,

This chapter presents the recombinant stem bromelain cloning procedure followed by its characterization and finally upstream processing. Most of the procedures had patents filed in Malaysia, Europe and the United State of America with application numbers PI 20095434, 10015711.4, and 12968766, respectively. Portions of the experimental procedures we

This chapter presents all common laboratory procedures or protocols that researchers normally perform during studies of recombinant enzyme production. The principle and theory behind each experiment is presented to help the reader understand each step that is conducted in an experiment so the reader will be able to select and modify the procedures

This chapter presents an investigation that we performed prior to the decision to proceed cloning and producing recombinant bromelain. The criteria that we examined were the following: (1) easy access to a DNA source; (2) broad application; (3) an enzyme size amenable to the cloning strategy; (4) available data in free online databases; (5) broad i

“Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.”1 It is considered to be one of the latest types of social media, which is now being used by approximately one and half billion people all over the

Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and videos, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.” It is considered to be one of the latest types of social media, which is now being used by approximately one and half billion people all over the worl

Under Islamic law, the life of a human being is sacred and as such, no one is allowed to kill or bring an end to the life of another except in accordance with the law. Whether a foetus under Islamic law is entitled to enjoy this protection or not is a subject that is hotly debated by Muslim scholars. Abortion has a direct link to the right to life

The vitality of school in proffering solutions to the societal challenges cannot be underrated. However, school as a hub and pivot place in addressing multifarious challenges in our society is faced with some social ills such as bullying and sexual harassment. More profusely, an escalation of sexual harassment in schools’ and on campuses cannot b

The position of Malay language in Malaysia is provided by the Malaysian Federal Constitution. Due to the fact that the Malay Language has been sidelined during the colonial era, it took some time for the language to be put in its rightful position. The presence of various ethnicities who try to preserve their language; as well as the reluctance of

In Malaysia, the Whistleblower Protection Act 2010 (WPA) provides protection to a person in an organisation who exposes misconduct, alleged dishonest or illegal activity that violates the existing laws, among others. For example, alleged fraud, health and safety violations, and corruption, to name but a few. Undeniably, most whistleblowers are inte