This paper elaborates and analyses the situation of Mecca between the 11thto 16th centuries based on travel accounts of five medieval travellers: Ibn Khusraw (1004–1072), Ibn Jubayr (1145–1217), Ibn Battuta (1304–1369), Ma Huan (1380–1460) and di Varthema (1470–1512). Moreover, by thoroughly consulting primary sources scored by above-ment

Pulse Detonation Engines (PDE) have higher temperature combustion, which results in higher Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) emissions. The current study will investigate the formation of NOx using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for multi-cycle combustion processes. The CFD model is created by varying the boundary conditions for hydrogen fuel. A

Agriculture, a practice that has sustained human civilization for millennia, is evolving to accommodate the growing demands of our society. The evolution of agriculture was portrayed by ecological mechanisms, such as unintentional selection resulting from competition among growing plants in artificial surroundings. Agriculture has significantly con

In this digital age, academic libraries and repositories have the expertise and the knowledge to manage digital assets. Their digital preservation program will determine the challenge to ensure future access to institutional scientific products. This research uses a literature review to determine the status and the difficulties of having a digital

A change in combustion concepts from conventional isobaric to constant volume combustion (CVC) has several advantages. Pulse detonation combustion (PDC) operates on CVC, increasing the engine's thermodynamic efficiency significantly. Little research has been conducted on pollutant emissions from pulse detonation engines (PDE). Because PDE burns

This study aims to fabricate graphene films using biogas derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) as carbon precursors using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method under various conditions. The fabricated graphene films were deposited on copper substrates at different temperatures and gas compositions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ram

Buku ini adalah buku rujukan dan panduan bagi pendidik untuk mengajar cara bertadabbur al-Quran menggunakan kaedah inkuri falsafah. Kaedah inkuiri falsafah bukan saja dapat mencabar minda supaya dapat memahami konsep-konsep utama dalam aqidah secara mendalam tetapi juga dapat melatih akal supaya dapat berfikir dengan cemerlang. Kaedah ini juga mela

The CustomGPT MQA Advisor represents a significant leap in research-based innovation, integrating cutting-edge AI technology to address the complexities of the Malaysia Qualifications Agency (MQA) standards and Malaysia Medical Council (MMC) requirements in Kulliyyah of Medicine. This digital advisory system exemplifies the fusion of advanced natur

يعتبر حديث «حدثوا عن بني إسرائيل ولا حرج» من الأحاديث المشكلة، لما أثير حوله من إشكالات في السياقات التاريخية والمعاصرة. وقد استخدم هذا المبحث دليلاً من قبل الأفراد الذين يجادلون بأن أصحاب رس�

Background: Immigrants who relocate to a foreign country often face numerous stressors and challenges as they try to assimilate to a new culture. This transition can often have a significant impact on their mental well-being. In this qualitative study, we aim to explore and examine the life experiences of 16 Albanian and Kosovo-Albania immigrants w