Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks continue to pose major threats overwhelming entire networks. They slacken the availability of Internet service by sending huge malicious requests and spreading volumetrically. This survey recognizes fundamental theories across various disciplines to advance and improve the research of DDoS mitigation. Th

The impact of British colonization on Malaya brought about various demographical changes among the Malays. Under the British colonization, the Malays were left behind in the state of backwardness and stagnation. Syed Sheikh al-Hadi (1867-1934) was one of the pioneers of the Malay reformists during the colonial period who observed the backwardness s

A series of rice husk ash silica derived mesoporous calcium silicate, and calcium carbonate catalysts were synthesized via a direct one-pot synthesis technique by varying the calcium/CTAB molar ratio (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00). The aragonite-type calcium carbonate crystalline phase was formed on the catalyst surface when the Ca/CTAB molar ratio w

A series of catalysts was prepared for the liquid-phase Friedel–Crafts benzylation of toluene with benzyl chloride (BC) by impregnating rice husk ash silica with ZnCl2 (3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, and 12 wt%) via a wet impregnation method. The XRD analysis indicates that the catalysts were amorphous with ill-defined pore systems. The XPS analysis detect

The changes in the intensity of solar radiation cause the electrical power produced by solar panels to be not optimal. The solar panel position control system to the position of the solar is an effort to overcome this problem. There are four Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors placed on the sides of the four cardinal directions. The difference i

Environmental disruption is called an ecological situation where people experience life-threatening changes in their living conditions. A livid example of such an environmental disruption is the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacts our personal and professional life. This pandemic is not only responsible for the high unemployment but also for a lack of

The effect of injection barrier on the open-circuit voltage of organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices is studied theoretically. When the injection barrier is more than 0.1 eV, the relationship between the injection barrier and the open-circuit voltage is simple and predictable where an increase in the injection barrier by a given amount i

The Shariah audit being a monitoring tool for ensuring Shariah compliance proved to be an important component in the operations of Islamic financial institutions. In the case of Malaysia, Bank Negara Malaysia has issued a Shariah Governance Framework in 2010 which categorically made Shariah audit function as one of the required functions in Islamic

This paper focuses on the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a megainitiative of Pakistan and China. The CPEC is important to both Pakistan and China. It is viewed in Pakistan that CPEC is a great opportunity for development of Pakistan. This article examines the impact of CPEC on Pakistan’s economy and society. It highlights the impacts of

The implementation of this research consists of 2 (two) aspects: the making and testing of bio-briquettes called technological aspects and economic analysis called economic aspects. Bio-briquettes is made from cashew nutshell waste obtained from Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is followed by pyrolysis, which is carried out in a simple batch type