Electrochemical biosensors are advantageous for in-situ sensing applications measurements because of their low detection limit, good selectivity, minimum calibration requirement, and, most importantly, inexpensive cost. Nevertheless, integrated readout circuits for biosensing applications are typically cumbersome, costly, and not maintenance-free.

This paper aims to develop a new mobile robot path planning algorithm, called generalized laser simulator (GLS), for navigating autonomously mobile robots in the presence of static and dynamic obstacles. This algorithm enables a mobile robot to identify a feasible path while finding the target and avoiding obstacles while moving in complex regions.

This study addresses the teaching of religion at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The program was influenced by the thought and curricula developed along Faruqian lines. It is a program that delves into Faruqi's view of meta-religion rooted in an ethical paradigm giving it universal perspective and approach toward the study

In line with the increasing halal demand around the world, one of the sectors that attract the halal world attention is the freshwater aquaculture for fish food. The demand goes higher day by day as the marine catch start to deplete and world needs an alternative to suffice the demand for protein supply. This paper discusses the overview of current

This paper discusses the topic of social protection in terms of social security and insurance. It is further narrowed into two aspects. The first one is how social protection helps the needy, and the second is how social protection helps economic growth. The paper starts with information on social security and insurance from Islamic and conventiona

At higher educational institution, students are expected to have acquired a certain level of English language mastery to fulfill the demands of academic writing. One of the grammatical items that is crucial in expressing the students’ ideas and opinions is gerund. The use of gerunds in academic essay helps students to be more precise and concise.

Smoking has been primarily studied as a public health problem involving mapping continued smoking patterns and interventions designed to decrease smoking prevalence. This paper discusses the available literature on smokers’ perception of their health, health-seeking behaviour, and factors influencing their smoking continuity.Method: Review litera

Murmurs are unusual heartbeat sounds that can be used to aid in diagnosing underlying health problems. Doctors often will manually perform heart auscultations, that is, attempt to hear these sounds using a stethoscope. This can be inaccurate as these murmurs are very subtle and can be muffled by background noises. Plus, it requires training, and th

Composite restoration is a popular material to restore tooth structure due to dental caries as there is an increasing demand for aesthetic restoration. With the advancing technologies, it has excellent physical characteristics which increases its longevity. However, the appropriate case selection also influences the outcome as composite is techniqu

Improving dental appearances generally leads to an increase in confidence, social interactions and ultimately quality of life. This case aimed to perform aesthetic rehabilitation on the upper central incisors. The patient was a 25-year-old female who was concerned with the gap in her front teeth and discolouration of her crown. The treatment starte