Where legal professional privilege attaches to communication between legal adviser and a client, the client is entitled to object to any third party seeing the communication for any purpose unless, (i) the client has agreed of waived his right, II) the advice is sought and given for a nefarious purpose, in furtherance of an illegal purpose. The bri

Pakistan has been facing a high incidence of poverty. Despite its persistent efforts to make a dent on poverty, the country never witnessed a systematic reduction in the same. The country has been spending a significant amount on safety nets and social protection programs. Some programs provide direct cash grants and other forms of indirect support

Malaysia have 14 Syariah court systems. The main reason for this state of affairs is the distribution of legislative powers under the Federal Constitution between the federation and the States where Islam and Islamic Law are States matters. This paper looks at the consequences of having distinct Syariah court systems based on States the courts and

Most of today’s writings on women tend to fit them within the frame of discrimination, where they are presented as victims of a male dominated society. Voices of women’s rights proponents are raised to promote gender equality in every aspect of life. However, is that what our society should aim for and to what extent should it carry out this qu

Gum karaya is a polysaccharide gum from Sterculia urens tree. It is used as an emulsifier and thickening agent in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, it has very strong swelling properties, high viscosity, and low solubility, providing the restricted applications in the food industry. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effe

Pentadbiran keadilan syariah hanyalah sebahagian kecil daripada kerja-kerja kehakiman dalam mahkamah syariah di Malaysia. Namun urusannya amat penting kerana dapat memberikan gambaran keadilan syariah terutamanya sekiranya bidang kuasa mahkamah syariah diperluas. Hal ini demikian kerana peluasan bidang kuasa bermakna bertambah pertuduhan kesalahan

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL/TAL) assay is the only standard test approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to quantify bacterial endotoxin in injectable drugs and implantable medical devices. At present, horseshoe crabs are the sole source of LAL/TAL. Biomedical companies harvest and bleed horseshoe crabs which lead to ≤30% post bleedi

Synthetic polymer hydrogels constitute a group of materials, utilized as a part of various biomedical fields, and are as yet producing for new encouraging applications. Physically cross-linked synthetic polymers, PVA and PEG, hydrogels are excellent materials owing to their biological tissue like nature. Transparent PVA and PEG hydrogels with varyi

Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL/TAL) assay is the only standard test approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to quantify bacterial endotoxin in injectable drugs and implantable medical devices. At present, horseshoe crabs are the sole source of LAL/TAL. Biomedical companies harvest and bleed horseshoe crabs which eventually lead to depleti

The long discussion on the formulation of “Europe and her identity,” from a political, economic, cultural or religious aspect, has, on one hand, paved the way for the unity of European nations, and created many misconceptions in the mind-set of both the élite and the masses, the developed and undeveloped nations, on the other. The worry about