It is established that the creation of awqaf for the primary benefit of one’s relatives and descendants was an original innovation of Islam. It has been argued that family waqf endowment is a superior avenue of charity, as such awqaf endeavour to prevent the descendants of the endower from becoming needy of others, thus eliminating poverty and ne

Islamic banks in general employ murabahah-based structures to finance local and foreign trade transactions, albeit with a considerable level of inconvenience. Practical involvement in the field of Islamic banking would reveal that current equity structures, where implemented, comprise various areas that call for a reassessment in the light of shari

Similar to waqf for the benefit of the general public, the numerous family awqaf in Islamic lands too played a key ole in upraising the economic standard of the society, as these catered to the needs of extensive families and clans for generations. Various degrees of restrictions on the creation or functioning of family awqaf in many countries have

Tawarruq is the purchase of a commodity that is in the ownership and possession of the seller against a deferred price, and its subsequent sale by the purchaser to a party other than the seller on cash, for the purpose of obtaining cash. Even though there has been some scholarly objection to its practice, the majority appear to have considered tawa

Facilitating equity participation in trade and other undertakings that help the real fruits of ventures spread among a larger segment of the society while dividing the inherent risk is an important facet of an Islamic financial system. Several decades after their appearance in the scene of banking and finance, Islamic banks continue to use debt-fin

Tracking a desired trajectory in joint space has been favored in several robot manipulators and end-effector control scheme due to the simplicity and high sampling rate offered by the joint space scheme. This usually require the trajectory conversion process, of the desired position, velocity, and acceleration, from Cartesian space to joint space u

We provide a solvability criterion for a cubic equation in domains Z*3, Z3, and Q3.Sains Malaysiana 44(4)(2015): 635–641 Solvability of Cubic Equations over 3 (Kebolehselesaian Persamaan Kubik ke atas 3) MANSOOR SABUROV* & MOHD ALI KHAMEINI AHMAD ABSTRACT We provide a solvability criterion for a cubic equation in domains , 3, and 

We knew that a trajectory of a linear stochastic operator associated with a positive square stochastic matrix starting from any initial point from the simplex converges to a unique fixed point. However, in general, the similar result for a quadratic stochastic operator associated with a positive cubic stochastic matrix does not hold true. In this p

We know from the theory of Markov chains that any positive square stochastic matrix has a unique fixed point in the simplex and its trajectory starting from any initial point of the simplex converges to that unique fixed point. However, in general, the similar result for a positive cubic stochastic matrix does not hold true. We know that a cubic st

Islam clearly identifies not only lawful (halal) activities, but also unlawful (haram) activities as well. Differences of opinion may arise in these two areas too. In order to achieve the ultimate in Islam, we should exercise caution when practicing Islamic finance. In Islamic banking and finance, most of the contracts deal with exchange contracts