While there are many heritage buildings with over 50 years of age in Malaysia, many are then left abandoned to decay. It is clear that given proper planning and consideration for conserving these existing structures, we are presented with opportunities for adaptive reuse of buildings well designed to respond to the environment through passive means

For epistemological purposes, philosophers of science differentiate between three modes of biology: (i) functional; (ii) evolutionary; and (iii) systems biology. This classification is based on the nature of the biological process. The present paper aims to highlight these categories and investigate how they may contribute to developing the objecti

Background: the analytical study on understanding the programmed systems of organisms is increasingly becoming necessary for its practical contribution in enhancing the environmental and human health. The holy Qur`an, in numerous passages, has addressed the design and harmony, in both the physical and biological worlds. The main objective of this Q

Contradictory views on ancient literary works provide a panorama of historical development. However, the validity of the texts was considered as issue of prime importance. The critics on its literary authenticity would reveal whether it was real or just a fabrication. The Epic Gilgamesh was ascertained by Said Ghanimi to be unauthentic. The content

The research focuses on the effectiveness of the syntactical government in interpreting meaning in the Arabic Syntax and in explaining semantic changes resulting from the speakers who deal with phonetic changes in word endings, especially in respect to vowels. It further looks into the factors which contribute to such changes in phonetics and evalu

Biomass fractionation is a prerequisite for almost any biorefinery process. Yet, a cost-effective and environmentally benign approach to separate biomass feedstock into valuable fractions remain a challenge. Herein we introduce a new fractionation method to extract high-value chitin from crustacean shell (e.g., shrimp shell) using hot water for dep

This paper provides a description of the development of the 'Study of Comparative Literature'; its naming, origins, schools of study, and scope of study. From the inception of Comparative Literature, 'what is' Comparative Literature and its study have been a matter of question, both from inside the earliest schools of study in Franc

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate the pattern of carotenoids distribution in three underutilized Malaysian ‘ulam’ or traditional vegetables in Malaysia (Averrhoa carambola, Manihot esculenta and Ipomoea batatas) and their valuable pro-vitamin A activities. These assessments will yield valuable knowledge and insight into the i

Chronic periodontitis is the second most common oral disease worldwide. At an individual level, personal oral hygiene practice remains an integral part of the prevention and control of periodontal diseases. The study was aimed to assess the relationship between oral hygiene practice of female population with chronic periodontitis and their periodon

Epistemology is a theory of knowledge especially with regards to its methods, validity and scope; it is an investigation of what distinguishes that which has to be justified as belief or opinion. In explaining the monotheistic law, the religious perspective, looks at the Quranic epistemology as a theory of knowledge which is absolutely primordial a