INTRODUCTION: Most of the public health research is conducted at the population level. More study has utilized cluster design in which a group unit is randomized instead of individuals to avoid contamination effect and more practical. However, not many studies publish their Intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC) which is the measure of the rela

INTRODUCTION: Secondhand tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen and shown positive association with smoking status, susceptibility and cessation. Smoke free environment policy seem to reduce this exposure and influence intention to quit and frequency of quit attempts. Despite smoke free policy, smokers are still exposed to second hand smoke and this m

Introduction: Secondhand tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen and has shown positive association with smok- ing status, susceptibility and cessation. Smoke free environment policy seem to reduce this exposure and influence intention to quit and frequency of quit attempts. Despite having a smoke free policy, smokers are still exposed to second hand s

Islam allows loan as a form of social service among the rich to help the poor and those who are in need of financial assistance. Loan in Islam may be obtained in two ways: (i) Loan with condition of repayment, and (ii) gratuitous loan without any compensation or gift. However, Islam does not recognize any loan with interest for the benefit of the d

Background: Carbon monoxide analyzer is widely being used in smoking cessation for evaluating smoking abstinence. However, it can also be utilise to motivate intention to quit among smokers. A biomedical risk feedback module was developed based on carbon monoxide analyzer to motivate smoker’s motivation to quit. Aims: The aim of this study is to

This chapter describes the procedure to develop the axial stiffness matrix of beam element having arbitrary variation of axial stiffness distribution along its span. To obtain analytical formulation, the stiffness matrix is constructed from the flexibility matrix. A Bernoulli-Euler differential equation that relates the load and deformation angle d

This paper takes a gander in the past, current and future computerized change plan for the Digital transformation. There are unprecedented challenges in the future of higher education. Why will we get people ready to bring about sustainable change that would also increase the personal satisfaction of individuals? For every field of human life, the

Sharing data by the government with citizens will lead to a more transparent and trustworthy government. Open Government Data (OGD) has been initiated by many governments worldwide aiming to publicly and freely share government data via online. In a similar effort, the government of Malaysia has launched an OGD portal in 2014 and currently more tha

Numerous readings suggest the gender-based perception of specialties in the related fields of textile design. This study aims to reveal the significant participation of women that contribute to shaping textile design practices within the Pakistani textile industry. The objective of this study is to determine if there is a role of women in the devel

Dehalogenase E (DehE) is a non-stereospecific enzyme produced by the soil bacterium, Rhizobium sp. RC1. Till now, the catalytic mechanism of DehE remains unclear although several literature concerning its structure and function are available. Since DehE is non-stereospecific, the enzyme was hypothesized to follow a ‘direct attack mechanism’ for