This paper describes an alternative method to the widely-used raster-scan technique for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). In this method, the sample is scanned in a spiral pattern instead of the well established raster trajectory. A spiral pattern is produced by applying cosine and sine signals with slowly varying amplitudes to the x-axis and y-axis o

Successive extraction of the dried leaves of Melastoma malabathricum, followed by purification using repeated chromatographic techniques, yielded six compounds, including two amides, auranamide and patriscabratine, a triterpene, a-amyrin, and three flavonoids, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol-3-O-(200,600-di-O-p-trans-coumaroyl)-b-glucoside. Th

This paper details the design and analysis of a first-order sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (Σ-Δ ADC) for the MEMS resistive sensors. The working principles of the MEMS resistive sensor and Σ-Δ ADC are outlined first. To verify the functionality of the first-order Σ-Δ modulator, MATLAB© is used to simulate its overall block diagram.

Faecal incontinence is a debilitating chronic clinical condition which may affect the patient and care givers. Modality of treatment is based on severity of the symptoms as well as the anatomical defect itself, availability of resources and expertise. We describe a modified technique of dynamic graciloplasty as neoanal sphincter for the treatment s

The use of implanted devices for biomedical applications is on the rise. As reliability and longevity of the power source is an issue of concern so research is underway for using other means of energy sources such as solar, vibrations and inductive coupling, The inductive coupling providing a noninvasive means of energy source, and is hence conside

Some plants are known to have high level of phytochemical constituents that promote lactation (galactagogue)for nursing mothers (Goyal, etal, 2008). Herbal galactagogue are recommended by practitioners of the traditional systems of medicine for increasing milk secretion in constituents in banana flower of pisang abu siam (Musa x paradisiaca- ABBB)

Waqaf institution was most central in financing socio-religious and public welfare systems during the early days of Islam. More importantly, the contribution of philanthropic endowment(waqf khayri) substantially financed and sustained the social welfare institutions in Muslim societies. Gradually, however, the creation of this type of waqf dwindled

The whole plant extract of plant Sceletium tortuosum, plant native to South Africa, has been known traditionally to have mood enhancing and stimulant properties. These properties have been confirmed before by proving serotonin-uptake inhibition activity. A further confirmation by using CB1 receptor binding assay has been performed in this study. Th

The effective use of an E-Government (EG) Portal depends on the ability of people to utilize electronic services. One of the main challenges in developing the EG Portal is selecting usability design guidelines that addressed the overall EG functions. Most government agencies tend to design their portal based on existing guidelines that are not dire

In this paper metrics are produced which may be used for performance enhancement in Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) protocols. The method described makes use of the concept of link availability estimates which are produced on an individual link basis and which may be combined by multiplication to produce a quality metric for the whole route. The