An automotive brake disc or rotor is a device for slowing or stopping the motion of a wheel while it runs at a certain speed. The widely used brake rotor material is cast iron which consumes much fuel due to its high specific gravity. The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select the optimum material for the applicati

A new technology, which uses thermoelectric elements as side-walls of microthrusters for heating and cooling purpose, is emerging. This technique can improve the performance of low-Reynolds-number microthrusters as a result of increasing the flow momentum forces or decreasing the viscous forces. In the present paper, we focus on the effect of using

The aim of this paper is to develop the material selection method and select the optimum material for the application of folding bicycle frame. Two methods are introduced for the selection of materials, such as cost per unit property and digital logic methods. In cost per unit property, only one property (strength) is considered whereas in digital

Knowledge based systems (also known as computer-based expert systems) can be constructed by obtaining knowledge from a human expert and transforming it into a form that a computer may use to solve engineering problems. The aim of this paper is to select the optimum material for the operation of automotive piston emphasizing on the substitution of t

A bicycle frame is a crucial part for cycling performance, efficiency, comfort, and injury prevention. This is especially true in the case of children cyclists that do not have the necessary cycling experience, balance and the fully developed musculoskeletal system of the adults. The selection of the correct materials for a particular product espec

Pengenalan Mengurus dan merancang harta adalah sangat digalakkan di dalam Islam. Di dalam sesetengah keadaan, pengurusan harta pusaka bukan lagi merupakan satu pilihan tetapi adalah satu keperluan terutama apabila wujud keadaan di mana pelaksanaan sesuatu perkara itu wajib kita tunaikan. Dalam konteks ini, Islam membenarkan kita untuk melupuskan ha

Many experiences around the globe showed that Islamic Microfinance Programs (IMP) based on Shariah and Islamic finance concept, have become more significant in creating new job opportunities and generating income for the purpose of increasing social and economic status of the poor and alleviating poverty. The integration of entrepreneurial concept,

Islamic Microfinance Program (IMP) through the utilization of zakat fund has been a significant source of capital for entrepreneurship activities among the poor Muslim’s families in Malaysia. Starting from the New Economic Plan (NEP) in 1971, the Malaysian Government has realized the importance of IMP in supporting the microenterprises activities

A spiral scanning method for high-speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is described in this paper. In this method, the sample is scanned in a spiral pattern instead of the conventional raster pattern. A spiral scan can be produced by applying single frequency cosine and sine signals with slowly varying amplitudes to the x axis and y axis of an AFM s

Problem statement: There is a chemical variation among different ginger cultivars detected by previous studies including the volatile and non-volatile oleo-resins. In this study we try to determine whether these variations are related to a generic factor rather than environmental or intrinsic factors. Approach: A comprehensive metabolic fingerprint