A comparison study on the ethanol production from 20% (w/v) of unhydrolyzed raw cassava starch using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis was performed and compared with the commercialized ragi tapai. The findings showed that S. cerevisiae, C. tropicalis and ragi tapai produced 23, 20 mg/l and 26 g/l of ethanol in 72 h, respectively. Sub

This article is devoted to establish relationship between knots and planar graphs. This relationship enables us to investigate the total number of regions and their relationship with corresponding crossings in a reduced alternating achiral knot. It has been shown that the number of regions in a reduced alternating achiral knot is always even and th

This article is devoted to give a self-contained presentation of classification of atoms of probability space as equivalent or non-equivalent. It will be established that an event, i.e., a member of a σ-field of a probability space can contains uncountable many equivalent atoms. We will show that the relation of being equivalent atoms is an equiva

This paper proposes the application of neural network as a controller to isolate engine vibration in an active engine mounting system. It has been shown that the NARMA-L2 neurocontroller has the ability to reject disturbances from a plant. The disturbance is assumed to be both impulse and sinusoidal disturbances that are induced by the engine. The

In a mining port stockyard, disturbance on incoming trains from the mining plants causes a major problem to the system. This paper presents an analysis of those disturbances in the stockyard system. A simulation study is performed in order to do the analysis. We investigated the effects of the occurrence of the disturbance on the system and propose

Fuzzy conjoint analysis has been employs in many studies which involving the use of Likert-scale to represent linguistic terms. It is believed that the fuzzification of this Likert-scale is more representing the vagueness content on human subjectivity in giving judgment. In this paper, we present our works in developing a web-based survey that prov

A simple Erbium Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL) in linear cavity configuration is reported. The cavity design is based on an FBG as a back reflector, and a loop back optical circulator with an output coupler as the front reflector. Different coupling ratios of the coupler are tested and 50 : 50 provides the highest coupling output power of 22.06 dBm (160.

In this paper, an analytical expression for the solution of the prey–predator problem by an adaptation of the classical Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The ADM is treated as an algorithm for approximating the solution of the problem in a sequence of time intervals, i.e. the classical ADM is converted into a hybrid numeric–analytic method ca

Turksen and Wilson (1995) have laid a theoretical ground for the works using a fuzzy set model for preference prediction. A fuzzy set conjoint model has been developed by incorporating fuzzy measurement of evaluations into the vector preference model. Mohtar et. al (2008)have done a study that used a fuzzy set preference model which represent lingu

Vaccination has been practiced for hundreds of years, dating back to the 17th century. Throughout history, the mechanisms of vaccination have been studied, refined and improved into what we know vaccination to be today. However, the overall effect of vaccination may have on the homeostasis of the human immune system remains elusive. Vaccination aff