Background: The pain pattern after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is complex and distinct from postoperative pain after other laparoscopic procedures, suggesting that procedure-specific optimal analgesic management plans should be proposed. Duloxetine, a non-opioid neuromodulator, has been widely used to manage pain with dual central and periphe

This paper attempts to revisit the central position of Meiji Ishin (Meiji Restoration) in 19th Century Japan as it was considered a watershed point in the history of Japan. The Japanese and Western scholars generally agreed that the event had paved the way for the modernization of Japan in the 19th Century. Thus, it seems little doubt that the even

The study attempts to revisit the policy of hiring foreign experts and advisers in the Japanese public institution especially in the essential sectors such as bureaucracy, military, education, and economic sectors following the takeover of the Bakufu government by the Meiji leadership in 1868. This study also intends to investigate how successful s

This paper attempts to revisit the central position of Meiji Ishin (Meiji Restoration) in 19th Century Japan as it was considered a watershed point in the history of Japan. The Japanese and Western scholars generally agreed that the event had paved the way for the modernization of Japan in the 19th Century. Thus, it seems little doubt that the even

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary technology that has been used tremendously in the contemporary industrial revolution 4.0 technology. AI has played a crucial role in accelerating the financial inclusion rate by easing the use of financial products. From the African perspective, there is a very few notable uses of AI technologies in t

Consensus (al-Ijmāʿ) is considered as a legal evidence and significant proof in the juristic deduction and legal reasoning in order to acquaint legal rules. Also, it is considered as the strongest legal evidence because it results certainty in its indication. Those who peruse the scholar’s studies will find their disagreement on the position of

The present study aims to determine the effects of the parameters that influence the coagulation/flocculation process as well as determine the optimal levels to be used in the optimization process using a myco-coagulant produced in solid-state fermentation for water treatment. Mixing speed, mixing time, the dose of myco-coagulant, initial turbidity

The traditional approach of the media to conflict has been shaped by power, politics, and profit. However, in recent decades, the debate over “peace journalism” as a conflict resolution strategy has gained traction, with several scholars arguing in favour of the concept. Most wars would have gone unnoticed if there were no journalists to report

While much research has been undertaken on the Meiji Ishin, nonetheless there is little attention given on what prompted the new Meiji leadership of Japan to introduce reforms in Japan and what model that they should follow. Specifically, this calls for further analysis as to how these Meiji leaders (names include Kido Takayoshi, Ito Hirobumi, Okum

Smoking is associated with a higher risk of mortality, especially in smokers with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking cessation remains the most effective approach in reducing smoking-related illness risks at all ages. For elderly smokers, smoking cessation has been proved to prolong life expectancy and reduce the risk of stroke and is