A method and apparatus for optically generating polarized photons with at least four polarization states is disclosed. The method and apparatus comprises at least two laser sources that are electronically triggered at random to generate at least two optical pulses (102), an arrangement of passive optical components that polarize each optical pulse

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main mineral component of bone tissue, representing ca. 69 vol% in bone and up to 98 vol% in dental enamel. Its chemical composition close to the mineral phase of bone is the origin of its excellent biocompatibility to tissue bone. Hydroxyapatite has been applied in orthopaedics as block implants, porous, granules and coa

This paper describes the development of Final Year Project (FYP) Online System in order to support the implementation of Outcome Based Education (OBE). OBE has become a model for learning environment and curriculum design for the educational system. OBE sets obvious educational goals and helps the student to achieve those goals. The proposed system

Dilated intercellular space (DIS) is considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. The diffusion of refluxed gastric acid into the intercellular space activates chemo sensitive nociceptors whose signals are transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain for symptom (heartburn) perception as well as initiated a short reflex ar

Background: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastro esophageal reflux disease. Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) in prickle cell layers are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. In order to enter the mucosal intercellular spaces, acid and pepsin have to penetrate the intercellular a

Background: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastro esophageal reflux disease. Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) in prickle cell layers are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. In order to enter the mucosal intercellular spaces, acid and pepsin have to penetrate the intercellular a

Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) in prickle cell layers are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore DIS in both superficial and prickle cell layer of the e

Introduction: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) in prickle cell layers are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore DIS in both superficial and prickle cell

Introduction: Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is the most common phenotype of gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) in prickle cell layers are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: The objective of this study was to explore DIS in both superficial and prickle cell

The prevalence of Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is increasing in Asia. Dilated intercellular spaces (DIS) are considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. There is little information available in the literature on the (DIS) of esophageal epithelium in NERD patients in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to evaluate DIS