This research was made to synthesis polylactic acid (PLA) from kenaf biomass that is currently waste of kenaf fibre production. This project is carried out to aim in reducing the manufacturing cost of PLA, reducing market price of PLA and to sustain the green technology. Basically, the pre treatment process was done previously on kenaf biomass with

Dilated intercellular space (DIS) is considered as early signs of acid damage to the esophageal epithelium. The diffusion of refluxed gastric acid into the intercellular space activates chemo sensitive nociceptors whose signals are transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain for symptom (heartburn) perception as well as initiated a short reflex ar

Hepatitis C is a global disease, WHO has described it as a “viral time bomb”. In Malaysia, the sero-prevalence is 1.6%. HCV infection is frequent in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis, with prevalence between 8 and 10%. Hepatitis C has an adverse effect on both patient and graft survival in those who get renal transplants. There are

Unity in Malaysia faces at least 2 main challenges, namely, unity of territory and unity of community. To overcome these challenges, the fundamental and supreme law of the country is equipped with several mechanisms and institutions. Some aspects of the solutions provided for by the Constitution are found in most countries are in compliance with ge

The objective of this paper is to develop new solutions to smooth the torque curve of the CAMPRO engine. The authors have performed an extensive study on the causes of the torque dip in CAMPRO engine. The CAMPRO engine experiences performance downfall when it reaches 2,500 to 3,500 rpm. The main objective of this work is to perform an extensive stu

The paper deals with major dispute resolution mechanisms and institutions which are available in order to deal with conflicts within a country. Although the discussion is generally made within the Malaysian constitutional context, the paper also touches on the mechanisms and institutions in other countries where relevant. It shall highlight the adv

This paper aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Optimization and its practical application on the automobile engine valve timing where the variation of performance parameters required for finest tuning to obtain the optimal engine performances. The primary concern is to acquire the clear picture of the implemen

This paper advances the argument that conferment of special status of a religion does not impede religious freedom in a country and the secular status of a country also does not guarantee religious freedom. The hypotheses are backed by two arguments. First in countries that provide special recognition of a religion religious rights of other religio

Slavery and forced labor have been accepted to be against humanity globally. These practices are expressly prohibited by the Federal Constitution in Malaysia. Although, the prohibition ofhuman trafficking is not expressly mentioned in the Constitution, it could be regarded as one ofthe most heinous crime according to the letter, intent and spirit o

The bloody racial riots in May 1969 marked the underlying animosity between the dominant cultural groups which had been developing for some time in Malaysia (Mohamad, 1970). The National Cultural Policy 1971, by defining a common Malaysian culture, was the catalyst used by the government to bind the predominantly Malay, Chinese and Indian ethniciti