The objectives of this paper are first to introduce various concepts of accessibility that describe independence and easy mobility as derived from international theories. Secondly, to investigate the types of barriers which incur difficulties to people with disabilities such as the physically challenged children with diverse disabilities, including

Nonholonomic mobile robots are characterized by no-slip constraints. However, in many practical situations, slips are inevitable. In this work, we develop a theoretical and systematic framework to include slip dynamics into the overall dynamics of the wheeled mobile robot (WMR). Such a dynamic model is useful to understand the slip characteristics

Hydroxyapatite powder has been prepared via sol-gel procedure using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as the precursors for calcium and phosphorus, respectively. XRD measurement shows that the powder contains hydroxyapatite crystals with ß-TCP and calcium oxide as secondary phases. Hydroxyapatite powder of higher purit

This book discusses the phenomenon of the courtyard in Islamic domestic architecture, focusing on the issues of its origins and diverse functions. The book treats the phenomenon of Islamic domestic courtyards as a cultural, environmental, structural and, above all, religious one, because it is the message of Islam that presided, by and large, over

Trade Law and Environmental Law have always been hot issues at both local and international conferences. This is because they not only deal with hard economic but also man as a human being. Because human issues are involved, policies on environment and trade need to be scrutinised in order to avoid depletion of natural resources and the destruction

In Malaysia, top of the chart on consumer complaints has long been hold by the ‘contractors’ particularly the house developers. Nearly every day, viewers of the Prime News are exposed to grievances of house buyers, be it late delivery or non delivery of vacant possession, safety of the building, defective building, incomplete/abandoned work, no

This article revisits the status of international law in the Malaysian municipal legal system and considers whether monism is the doctrine or the preferred doctrine in relation to the proper place of international law in Malaysia. This revisit is necessary because of the tendency in some legal writings and legal opinions to take a cavalier approach

Civilizational Islam is not a new religion, doctrine or sect. It is an idea which aims to draw the attention of the Malaysians and the world at the large to the correct understanding of the religion of Islam. In this paper the author studies two of ten principles of civilizational Islam. The paper argues that for the project to succeed it must be p

Our preliminary results indicated that fibrin and poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) hybrid scaffold promoted early chondrogenesis of articular cartilage constructs in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo cartilaginous tissue formation by chondrocyte-seeded fibrin/PLGA hybrid scaffolds. PLGA scaffolds were soaked carefully, in cho

Background: Synthetic- and naturally derived- biodegradable polymers have been widely used to construct scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are bioresorbable and biocompatible, rendering them as a promising tool or clinical application. To minimize cells lost during the seeding procedure, we used the nat