INTRODUCTION The Federal Constitution of Malaysia has restated under art 121(1A) that the Syariah courts — as the courts that administer Islamic law — have exclusive jurisdiction over matters under their jurisdiction. The premise of the restatement is to give effect to a pluralistic law and court system as it existed in Malaysia. Unfortunately

The debates on the role of state and market in the political economy have increase particularly since the 1980s with the rise of neo liberal ideology. Since then, the idea of market economy spread around the world including in most developing countries as propagated by the World Bank and International Monetary Funds (IMF). Most countries began to e

This article provides a review of institutions involved in the administration of Islamic law in Malaysia. It discusses briefly the historical background of the law in Malaysia that has close connections with the Malay Sultanates. The first institution that this article will consider is the Islamic Religious Council that is responsible for assisting

The debates on the role of state and market in housing provision in East Asia countries are still consider new. There is still huge gap in the literatures particularly in the low income housing segment. Therefore, the paper aims to examine the role of state and market in housing provision in Malaysia especially for the low income housing. Based on

Fetus is a later phase of the unborn offspring. It is a scientific term coined to describe the period of the unborn after the embryonic stage. From the conception to the eighth week the development of the offspring is known as embryo. Muslim Jurisprudence regards the Janin (Fetus) as the first unit of human being; as such, it grants protection and

We consider the problem of encoding classical information into unknown qudit states belonging to any basis, of a maximal set of mutually unbiased bases, by one party and then decoding by another party who has perfect knowledge of the basis.Working with qudits of prime dimensions, we point out a no-go theorem that forbids ‘shift’ operations on a

Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is the network architecture where nodes (e.g. APs, mesh routers) can communicate with one another via multi-hop routing or forwarding. This is possible because of its dynamic self- organization, self-configuration and self-correction characteristics, which enable flexible integration, quick deployment, easy maintenance,

This paper describes a modification of the Free-Space and Hata formulae for the prediction of received signal power, PR and propagation path loss, LP, in two Cellular Mobile Radio Systems (CMRS), in the Northern Nigeria. Measurements of PRs were taken with a Cellular Mobile Radio test receiver (Sagem OT 160), in some selected open/rural environment

This book addresses the concept of inter-religious dialogue promoted by Nostra Aeate (The Declaration on the Relation of the Church to non-Christian Religions, promulgated on October 28, 1965), and the Holy Qur’an, as the only means to change the attitude of Muslims and Christians from that of hostility to mutual respect and better, objective and

This study was conducted to determine the potential of fruit waste materials as sources of natural antioxidant. Seeds are major byproducts during the processing of fruits-based products such as puree, canned slices, juice and pickles. Normally, the seeds will be discarded as waste since they are not currently utilized for any commercial purposes. T