A research was conducted on liquid state bioconversion for the production of citric acid using sewage treatment plant (STP) sludge as the main substrate with supplementation of sucrose as co-substrate. Three parameters were examined to determine the best process optimization conducted in two liter (2L) bioreactor. Two level factorial designs with t

The optimization of supplementary nutrients in the sewage sludge as a basal medium was carried out to determine the media components on the citric acid production. Two statistical designs were employed in the citric acid productions which are Plackett-Burman and central composite design (CCD). For the media screening, the two-level Plackett-Burman

Recent advances in photovoltaic technology have made materials (other than silicon) in combination attractive for the design of solar cells. Designers layer semiconductor materials with differing band gap energies to result in higher conversion efficiencies. In this work multijunction cells consist of multiple thin films produced using electrochemi

Electronic court system or e-court is one of the projects under the e-government flagships. Originally, the idea of having the e-court system was mooted in 1996 but due to economic crisis in late 1990s, the idea was finally materialised in May 2002. At present, the Malaysian courts consist of an audio recording system, verbatim recording of court c

The process of gathering evidence is also known as a pre-trial process. Its objective is to gather relevant evidence before the trial. This process is very important since both parties must produce only relevant, relia-ble and authentic evidence in order to establish a reasonable claim or defence. Nevertheless, in the civil court, the procedures of

Under the definition of rape that is generally used by the courts, rape is “an act of non consensual sexual intercourse by a man with a woman other than his wife”. Under this commonly accepted definition it is not legally possible for a husband to rape his own wife. The husband cannot be liable as the principal offender based on the idea that c

A hybrid solar cell is designed and proposed as a feasible and reasonable alternative. With the employment of zinc oxide (ZnO) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin films. ITO based thin films of ZnO were deposited by sputtering technique and ITO based thin films of polyethylene were deposited by solution cast technique and used as an active polymer bl

Nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films were successfully prepared by dip-coating technique on ITO conductive glass substrates at low temperature. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on these films have exhibited high overall light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 4.67 % under illumination intensity 100 mW/cm2.

This paper examines the information content of short interest by investigating whether firms that experience significant daily increases in short interest subsequently experience negative abnormal returns. Using UK daily short interest data for the period September 2003 to April 2010, we find a significant negative cumulative average abnormal retur

The strong growth of economy in Malaysia over the last 20 years has led to the increase in urbanization resulting to changes in the property development generally. With the scarcity of land and changes of living lifestyle, property developers are being more innovative in their developments. This development has tremendously changed from horizontal