Hausa vernacular houses before the colonial period have satisfied the needs and socio-cultural requirements of their occupants. However, low-cost housing design nowadays is detached from the needs of its users. This paper assessed the level of residential satisfaction of low-cost housing respondents based on six socio-cultural values inherent in Ha

The rapid growth in the information technology in many sectors and innovation in the supporting electronic component and data center equipment, has led the increasing demand of the data center providing and performance. The conditions directly implicate to the increasing of power consumption and heat load density. The cooling system takes critical

Objectives: A rapid immunochromatographic dipstick test (ICT) has become available for the qualitative detection of anti-Leishmania antibody using recombinant rK39 antigen. This study was carried out at the department of Microbiology of Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh, in order to evaluate the diagnostic potential of immunochromatographic dips

A Zero Skew Clock Routing Methodology has been developed to help design team speed up their clock tree generation process. The methodology works by breaking up the clock net into smaller partitions, then inserting clock buffers to drive each portion, and lastly, routing the connection from original clock source to each newly inserted clock buffers

Federalism has been a central aspect of Malaysian history since the establishment of the Federated Malay States in 1895. Ever since the idea of federalism was mooted by the British, it has been a subject of intense discussion. The idea went through various stages of centralisation and decentralisation. Finally Malaya emerged as an independent state

Two erbium doped fiber laser configurations are conceived and constructed; A ring fiber laser and a linear cavity fiber loop laser. A comparative investigation tests were carried out. It is found that both the output power and the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) for the two structures were significantly different. The measured laser power and th

Screening of occupational lung disease in Malaysia is part of health surveillance activities which are regulated under Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994. Health surveillance means biological and health effects monitoring due to occupational chemical exposure at work that implicates pre-employment examination, medical removal protection, pre-p

This paper intends to examine the methods of reasoning that are employed in Fiqh and critically discuss their adoption in Islamic economics. The paper argues that the methods used in Fiqh are mainly designed to find out whether or not a certain act is permissible or prohibited. Islamic economics, on the other hand, is a social science. Like any oth

This paper focuses on issues of form and substance in Islamic banking and financial transactions. The paper critically examines the argument that compares Islamic banking products with permissible (halal) foods, islamically slaughtered chickens, and properly concluded marriages. The paper argues that these comparisons are misleading and cannot be m

One of the popular method of home financing in Islamic banking is Bai Bithaman Ajil. However there are circumstances whereby in this type of contract the probability of ghārār involved is very high especially dealing with the purchase of assets which is not yet in existence.Therefore this paper aims to review what is actually meant by ghārār an