Reviews of the past and current literatures have indicated differing views and opinions on the future outlook of the Bills of Quantities (BQ). Numerous issues have been identified from the literatures and until a viable solution is identified, current issues will likely limit its potential as a source of information in construction project. Based o

In electromagnetic scattering computation the scattering properties of a single particle can be evaluated if the solid permittivity of its constituent material is known. If the material is not homogeneous (e.g. water layer on the particle surface) both the structure and the permittivity of different parts must be known. However, it is possible (at

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the role of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as a biological marker for the diagnosis and to assess the severity of bronchial asthma. Methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 bronchial asthma patients and 45 disease controls (tuberculosis-15, chronic obstruc

The significance of Non-negative Matrix Factorization ((NMF) in the field of automatic text summarization is rapidly increasing due to its interpretation and storage capabilities. Interpretation defines the ease at which the structure of high dimensional data can be understood. While, storage capability relates to the extent of data reduction proce

Preservation of manuscript, especially using insecticide as insect repellent, is a serious issue for archivists, conservators and private collectors. Althoug is rampant nowadays, traditional methods are still very much in practice. This study will explain the practical application of traditional natural source; pepper, Piper Nigrum L. as insect rep

Boiler tube failures usually result in frequent forced outages, and ultimately in costly extended outages for major tubing replacement in a plant. There are several failure modes that may occur in a boiler tube, i.e. stress-corrosion cracking, pitting, water-side corrosion, fire-side corrosion, fatigue failure, overheating, dissimilar metal weld fa

This is a conference paper presented in Singapore. The paper talked about the importance of students and lecturers having knowledge about green computing, which refers to energy-efficient and responsible use of computers and their associated subsystems. 180 students and 60 lecturers were surveyed. The results show limited and no knowledge of green

Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from the stems and juice of pineapples. It has been extensively used in food industry; for meat tenderization, baking processes, and in prevention of browning of apple juice. Stem bromelain is a highly accepted phytotherapeutic agent. It has anti-tumor and antiinflammatory effects, use in wound

In this paper, we present three continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols (named two-, four-, and eightstate protocols) based on the discrete modulation of phase coherent states. We investigate the security of these protocols against the collective eavesdropping attacks and show their performance in a realistic setup by taking into con

Based on past and current studies on BQ, there are concerns on issues relating to the sufficiency and adequacy of the BQ in the current construction environment. Following the preliminary review, detail study has been conducted with an aim to explore the issues further with an attempt to identify and propose relevant research focus in the area. Acc