Generally peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction imposes transmission performante degradation or system capacity reduction. This paper proposes a method for reducing the P APR of OFDM signals by combining carrier Interferometry (Cf) spreading code and iterative processing (IP). The proposed method is capable of reducing the PAPR significantly

فلقد عرف الفقه الإسلامي والتاريخ القضائي الإسلامي نظاما في الدفاع عن طرفي الدعوى سمي: "وكلاء الخصومة"، أو "وكلاء الدعاوى" ، وهو المحاماة في حقيقته، ولم يذكروا كلمة المحاماة باسمها وصفت

Changes to electrical (I-V and C-V) characteristics of diodes may also be modified due to application in extreme radiation environment. Silicon (Si) and Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) commercial diodes were irradiated at low and high dose neutron radiatin. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements at low dose irradiation show a decrease in forward (FB) and rever

In this paper we consider a set of all extremal Volterra quadratic stochastic operators on three dimensional simplex S3, show that this set is parted into four equivalence classes with respect to group of transformations generated by permutations and describe the behaviour of trajectories extremal Volterra quadratic stochastic operators for each cl

We consider an Ising model on a Cayley tree with competing interactions of the next-nearest-neighbours of two types: prolonged and one-level interactions only. More recently, Ganikhodjaev and Zakaria investigated the same model and proved that its phase diagram contain only four phases, namely, ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, antiferromagnetic and ant

We consider simple version of the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model on the Cayley tree and investigate the problem of phase transition using the exact recursion equations for the Cayley tree of second order, so that every spin has three nearest neighbours. These equations are studied analytical-ly for D>0 and J>0. It is proved that one can reach

A blood group provides an ideal opportunity for the study of human variation without cultural prejudice. It can be easily classified for many different genetically inherited blood typing systems. Also significant is the fact that we rarely take blood types into consideration in selecting mates. A few people know their own type today and no one did

We study the phase diagrams for the Potts model with restricted competing nearest-neighbor interactions J1 and ternary interactions Jpt on a Cayley tree of arbitrary order k. At vanishing temperature, the phase diagram is fully determined for all values and signs of Jpt/J1 and T/J1. The phase diagrams are obtained from stability conditions, and cha

It is well known that on the one dimensional space, any bounded monotone increasing or monotone decreasing sequence converges to a unique limiting point. In order to generalize this result into the higher dimensional space, we should consider an appropriate order (or pre-order). A Majorization is a partial ordering on vectors which determines the d

In this paper, a design of a quad-wavelength fiber laser (QWFL) operating in two different regions namely the O-band covering from 1302 nm to1317.4 nm and C-band from 1530.5 nm to 1548.0 nm is presented. Two different ASE sources from semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are used, one at 1310 nm and the other at1550 nm. By using a 1×24 channels