This book provides an introduction to evaluate syllabus of teaching Arabic for non-native speakers which is appropriate for the field of education and learning of this language in terms of linguistic, cultural, and educational content. The author discussed the general principles for the preparation of specifications in preparing a good syllabus for

phannaceutical sciences in general are a group of interdisciplinary areas of study involved with the design, action, delivery, disposition, and use of drugs. This field draws on many areas of basic and applied sciences such as organic chemistry, biochemistry, biology, physiology, molecular, physics and chemical engineering. It further applies the p

Problem statement: The accumulation of metal contaminants in sediments can pose serious environmental problems to the surrounding areas. Trace metal contamination in sediment could affect the water quality and the bio-assimilation and bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic organisms, resulting in potential long-term implications on human health and e

26 surfical sediment of Setiu lagoon were collected in order to analyze the heavy metals concentrations using the sensitive Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Results from this study revealed that the average sediment concentration of lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) were 23.26 μg/g dry weight, 22.29 μg/g dry weight and

Islamic architecture is not concerned about the form buildings only. Islamic architecture signifies a process where all the phases and aspects are equally imposratnt. It is almost impossible to identify a phase or an aspect in that process and consider it more important than the others. The Islamic architecture process starts with having a proper u

The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and development of Madinah attempts to identify and examine some principles of Islamic urban planning and development, which the Prophet (pbuh) under the aegis of revelation had bequeathed to the subsequent Muslim generations. This book discusses a number of vital urbanization and development issues as advanced by the Is

This book titled “Islam, architecture & urban planning” is a compilation of studies on the relationship between spirituality and built environment in Islam. The book consists of twelve chapters representing twelve separate studies nine of which were presented in one national and eight international conferences and symposiums held in six dif

The International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) was founded in 1983 upon a renewed awareness of the perennial values of the teachings in the Al-Quran and Sunnah and is dedicated to the reorientation of the ummah and mankind towards this end. The first Mission Statement of IIUM stated that it would ‘…undertake the special and greatly nee

This book discusses several vital, yet often misunderstood, themes pertaining to the history and character of the Islamic built environment. The themes discussed are: - An introduction to the character of early Islamic architecture (from 11H/632CE to 97H/715CE) - A reading of the philosophy of rich decoration in Islamic architecture - City planning

This book discusses the philosophy of decoration in Islamic architecture. The book, however, is not written from a pure architecture perspective. The nature of its studies is a philosophical or conceptual rather than a empirical one. The book is divided into five chapters. The first two chapters, namely “The Concept of Decoration in the Holy Qur&