This paper presents the design with optimum geometry of a novel UWB rectangular patch antenna. A simple narrowband patch antenna is designed before proceeding to the geometry of UWB antenna. A special configuration of patch antenna with slotted partial ground and addition of stairs and stubs was designed and optimized using CST Microwave Studio (CS

One of the most important factors for cost-effective SB-VAWT product is the selection of an appropriate airfoil to achieve desired aerodynamic performance and to optimise the overall dimensions of the SB-VAWT. Design changes related to airfoil also have the potential for increasing the cost effectiveness of SB-VAWTs. This research aims to perform a

This research aims to develop a novel domain decomposition finite-difference time domain technique (FDTD) for solving large electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. Modifications have been made to the conventional FDTD technique so that serial subdomains can be simulated. The computational domain is divided into manageable, moderate-size

ITU proposes that the fraction of time during which a pre-selected threshold is exceeded in the worst-month within a year is referred to as “the annual worst-month time fraction of excess”. This relates directly to situation where accumulation of outages at a specific threshold in one specific month has the worse effect on the transmission link

‘Urban biodiversity and wildlife management’ has been accepted as being an important urban ecological component in an urban environment. The improvement of urban plans and landscape fabric can potentially advance the urban ecological environment. Thus, many local authorities aim to outline green strategies in their local plans to improve the ci

Remote sensing technology is useful for urban planning due to its capability in examining detailed spectral characteristic of urban land uses. This study attempts to review a relevant studied have been done in identified an appropriate spectral for urban land use using high resolution remote sensing images and GIS approach. The detailed spectral fo

Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was used to reduce the high free fatty acids (FFA) content in sludge palm oil (SPO). The FFA content of SPO was converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via esterification reaction. The treated sludge palm oil was used as a raw material for biodiesel production by transesterification process. Several working

In continuation of investigation for environmentally benign protocol for new solvents termed deep eutectic solvents (DESs), it is herein reported results concerning the toxicity and cytotoxicity of choline chloride (ChCl) based DESs with four hydrogen bond donors including glycerine, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and urea. The toxicity was in

Nutrition label provides nutrition status of the pre-packaged foods and is very useful for people when making decision for healthy foods. However, there is a lack of awareness among Malaysians regarding the use of nutrition label when purchasing foods. Hence, a cross sectional study among tertiary students (IIUM) was conducted. The aim of this stud

In this work, the cytotoxicity and toxicity of phosphonium-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with three hydrogen bond donors, namely glycerine, ethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol were investigated. The cytotoxicity effect was tested using brine shrimp (Artemia salina). The toxicity was investigated using the two Gram positive bacteria Bacill